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Original Articles

Trade shocks, new industry entry and industry relatedness

Pages 1749-1760 | Received 02 Feb 2016, Published online: 22 Nov 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Trade shocks, new industry entry and industry relatedness. Regional Studies. This paper examines the relationship between trade shocks and new industry entry at the regional level. Results show that US urban counties experiencing greater Chinese import penetration are more likely to develop new industries. From an evolutionary perspective, these trade shock-induced new industries may bring new growth opportunities to the local economy. It is also found that the positive impacts of trade shocks on industry entry are enhanced by industry relatedness. This suggests trade shock-induced industrial branching is also path dependent and can be influenced by the pre-existing industry structure of a region.

摘要

贸易冲击,新产业进入和产业关联性。区域研究。本文检视贸易冲击和新产业进入在区域层级的关联性。研究结果显示,在美国,中国进口渗透率越高的郡,更可能建立新的产业。从演化的观点来看,这些贸易冲击所带来的新兴产业,或许能为地方经济带来崭新的成长机会。本研究同时发现,产业关联性会增进贸易冲击对产业进入的正面影响。这表示贸易冲击所引发的产业扩展分支亦为路径依赖,并且可能受到一个区域的既有产业所影响。

RÉSUMÉ

Les chocs commerciaux, l’entrée de la nouvelle industrie et la connexité industrielle. Regional Studies. Cet article examine le rapport entre les chocs commerciaux et l’entrée de la nouvelle industrie sur le plan régional. Les résultats montrent que les comtés urbains américains accusant une plus grande pénétration des importations en provenance de la Chine sont plus susceptibles de développer de nouvelles industries. D’un point de vue évolutionniste, ces nouvelles industries, provoquées par les chocs commerciaux, pourraient apporter de nouvelles possibilités de croissance à l’économie locale. Il s’avère aussi que les effets positifs des chocs commerciaux sur l’entrée de l’industrie sont améliorés par la connexité industrielle. Cela laisse supposer que la succursalisation industrielle provoquée par les chocs commerciaux présente aussi une dépendance du sentier et pourrait être influencé par la structure industrielle préexistante d’une région.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Handelsschocks, Branchengründung und Branchenverwandtschaft. Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag wird die Beziehung zwischen Handelsschocks und der Gründung von neuen Branchen auf regionaler Ebene untersucht. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass in ländlichen Bezirken der USA, die stärker von chinesischen Importen betroffen sind, häufiger neue Branchen entstehen. Aus einer evolutionären Perspektive können diese durch Handelsschocks entstehenden neuen Branchen neue Wachstumschancen für die einheimische Wirtschaft bedeuten. Ebenso wird festgestellt, dass sich die positiven Auswirkungen von Handelsschocks auf die Branchengründung durch eine Verwandtschaft der Branchen verstärken. Dies lässt darauf schließen, dass eine durch Handelsschocks bedingte Branchenbildung auch pfadabhängig ist und von der bereits vorhandenen Branchenstruktur einer Region beeinflusst werden kann.

RESUMEN

Perturbaciones comerciales, creación de industrias nuevas y vínculos en la industria. Regional Studies. En este artículo se analiza la relación entre las perturbaciones comerciales y la creación de industrias nuevas a nivel regional. Los resultados muestran que las comarcas urbanas de los Estados Unidos en las que ocurre una mayor penetración de importaciones chinas presentan más probabilidades de desarrollar nuevas industrias. Desde una perspectiva evolutiva, estas nuevas industrias inducidas por las perturbaciones comerciales pueden aportar nuevas oportunidades de crecimiento en la economía local. También se observa que los efectos positivos de las perturbaciones comerciales en la creación de industrias mejoran debido a las relaciones entre las industrias. Esto indica que la creación de sectores industriales inducida por las perturbaciones comerciales también depende del camino que se siga y puede estar influenciada por la estructura industria ya existente de una región.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author thanks Stephan Goetz, David Abler, Johannes Fedderke, Spiro Stefanou and Qin Fan for helpful suggestions and advice on this research. The author is also grateful for constructive comments from the editor and anonymous referees. The usual disclaimers apply.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1. These new industries may either come from outside the region (attracted from outside) or be produced locally (e.g., spinoffs of incumbent firms). This study does not distinguish between these two types of entries and assumes they both follow the same decision-making pattern specified in the model. The author is grateful to an anonymous reviewer for pointing this out.

2. The author is grateful to an anonymous reviewer for this suggestion.

3. BDS data at county level are obtained by special request. The BDS provides two types of firm birth statistics: multi- and single establishment. The former refers to a new branch establishment of an existing firm, the latter to a new start-up. Firm entry in (13) is based on single-establishment data, as small start-ups are more related with entrepreneurial activities than large firms (Glaeser et al., Citation2014).

4. Regional industry entry rate is aggregated to county level and is used in only; the binary variable at region-industry level is used for model estimations below.

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