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Original Articles

The role of science and technology parks as firm growth boosters: an empirical analysis in Catalonia

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Pages 645-658 | Received 17 Mar 2016, Published online: 22 Mar 2018
 

ABSTRACT

The role of science and technology parks as firm growth boosters: an empirical analysis in Catalonia. Regional Studies. This paper contributes to an understanding of the role played by science and technology parks (STPs) in fostering the growth of firms. Applying a matching procedure, we obtained a database of 170 in-park firms, together with 7190 out-park firms. After applying a fixed-effects quantile regression, the results showed that being located in an STP has a dual effect on firm performance. Although the location in an STP has a positive effect for high-growth firms, it has a negative effect for low-growth firms. Furthermore, among all STPs, the effect for science parks is stronger than that for technological parks.

摘要

科学与技术园区作为企业成长推进器的角色:加泰罗尼亚的经验分析。Regional Studies. 本文对理解科学与技术园区(STPs)在促进企业成长中的角色之理解作出贡献。我们通过配对过程,取得一百七十家区内企业以及七千一百九十家区外企业的数据集。运用固定效应分量迴归后的结果显示,位于STP内对企业表现有双重的影响。尽管STP内的区位对高速成长的企业具有正面影响,但对于低度成长的企业而言却有负面影响。此外,在所有的STPs之中,科学园区的影响较技术园区更大。

RÉSUMÉ

Le rôle des parcs scientifiques et technologiques comme moteurs de la croissance des entreprises: une analyse empirique de la Catalogne. Regional Studies. Ce présent article contribue à une meilleure compréhension du rôle joué par les parcs scientifiques et technologiques comme moteur de la croissance des entreprises. En appliquant la méthode d’appariement, on a obtenu une base de données auprès de 170 entreprises installées dans un parc scientifique et technologique, conjointement avec 7190 entreprises installées en dehors d’un tel parc. Après avoir appliqué une régression quantile à effets fixes, les résultats démontrent que s’installer dans un parc scientifique et technologique a un double effet sur la performance des entreprises. Bien que s’y installer ait des effets positifs pour les entreprises à forte croissance, il s’avère des effets négatifs pour les entreprises à faible croissance. Qui plus est, pour ce qui est de tous les parcs scientifiques et technologiques confondus, l’effet pour les parcs scientifiques est plus fort qu’il ne l’est pour les parcs technologiques.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die Rolle von Wissenschafts- und Technologieparks bei der Förderung des Firmenwachstums: eine empirische Analyse in Katalonien. Regional Studies. Dieser Aufsatz leistet einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Rolle von Wissenschafts- und Technologieparks bei der Förderung des Firmenwachstums. Unter Anwendung eines Abgleichverfahrens erhielten wir eine Datenbank mit 170 in Parks angesiedelten sowie mit 7190 nicht in Parks angesiedelten Firmen. Nach einer quantilen Festeffektregression zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass sich ein Standort in einem Wissenschafts- und Technologiepark in zweierlei Hinsicht auf die Firmenleistung auswirkt. Ein Standort in einem Wissenschafts- und Technologiepark wirkt sich auf Firmen mit hohem Wachstum positiv, aber auf Firmen mit geringem Wachstum negativ aus. Darüber hinaus fällt die Auswirkung in sämtlichen Wissenschafts- und Technologieparks bei Wissenschaftsparks höher aus als bei Technologieparks.

RESUMEN

El papel de los parques de ciencia y tecnología como impulsores del crecimiento empresarial: un análisis empírico en Cataluña. Regional Studies. Este artículo nos ayuda a entender el papel que desempeñan los parques de ciencia y tecnología para estimular el crecimiento empresarial. Al aplicar un procedimiento de concordancia, obtenemos una base de datos de 170 empresas en parques y 7190 empresas fuera de parques. Después de aplicar una regresión cuantílica de efectos fijos, los resultados muestran que estar ubicado en un parque de ciencia y tecnología tiene un efecto dual en el rendimiento empresarial. Aunque la ubicación en un parque de ciencia y tecnología tiene un efecto positivo para empresas de alto crecimiento, el efecto es negativo para empresas con un crecimiento bajo. Además, en todos los parques de ciencia y tecnología, el efecto en parques de ciencia es más fuerte que el de los parques de tecnología.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors are very much indebted to the participants at the XLIst International Conference on Regional Science, Reus, Spain, 18–20 November 2015, and to Arnoud Lagendijk, Editor of Regional Studies, for his support during the editorial process. They also acknowledge the research assistance of Verònica Gombau and Magda Lleixà.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1447098

Notes

1. Apart from the reported effects in terms of higher growth rates, STPs are argued to favour innovation activities (Vásquez-Urriago et al., Citation2016b; Yang et al., Citation2009b; Siegel, Westhead, & Wright, Citation2003a), to increase R&D intensity (Westhead, Citation1997), to strength firms’ absorptive capacity (Cohen & Levinthal, Citation1990), to foster productivity (Liberati et al., Citation2016; Vásquez-Urriago, Barge-Gil, Modrego-Rico, & Paraskevopoulou, Citation2014; Dettwiler et al., Citation2006; Siegel et al., Citation2003a) and research productivity (Siegel et al., Citation2003a), to drive firms to R&D cooperation with external partners (Vásquez-Urriago et al., Citation2016a; Fukugawa, Citation2006), and to cooperate with local universities (Löfsten & Lindelöf, Citation2002; Segarra-Blasco & Arauzo-Carod, Citation2008).

2. Some endogeneity issues also need to be considered (Appold, Citation2004).

3. See Liberati et al. (Citation2016) and Díez-Vial and Fernández-Olmos (Citation2017) for the Italian and Spanish cases respectively.

4. For a quantitative review of the existing literature on parks, see Díez-Vial and Montoro-Sánchez (Citation2017).

5. Other variables measuring a firm’s technological capacity might have been the R&D investment or the percentage of skilled workers. However, the SABI database does not provide information on these parameters. The normalized indicator of the labour productivity might be considered as a proxy that compares the performance of a firm with its competitors in the same sector. We assume that a larger productivity implies firms with larger capacity to be more competitive in the market.

Additional information

Funding

The authors are thankful for the funding received from the Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness of the Spanish government [grant numbers ECO2017-88888-P and ECO2015-68061-R] and the SGR programmes [grant numbers 2014-SGR-299 and 2014-SGR-1395] of the Generalitat de Catalunya.

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