Celebrating Differences through Dialogue in Indonesia

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Notes

In general usage, the Arabic word ijtihad denotes the utmost effort, physical or mental, expended in a particular activity. In its technical legal connotation, it denotes the thorough exertion of the jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution for a case of law. See Wael B. Hallaq, “Ijtihad,” in The Oxford encyclopedia of the modern Islamic world, Vol. 2, ed. John L. Esposito, 178. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Quoted by Ramakrishna, The making of Jemaah Islamiyah Terrorist, in James J. F. Forest, Teaching Terror: Strategic and Tactical Learning in the Terrorist World. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield Publisher, 2006, p. 242.

Quoted by Ramakrishna, Ibid.

Ramakrishna quoted this also from R. Johnson, "Psychological Roots of Violence: The Search for the Concrete in a World of Abstracts," in Ellens, Ed., Destructive Power of Religion, Vol.4, Contemporary Views on Spirituality and Violence, 200-202.

Quoted by E. B. Desker and A. Acharya, 2006, “Countering the Global Islamist Terrorist Threat,” The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis.

Quoted in K. Ramakrishna, 2009, Radical Pathways: Understanding Muslim Radicalization in Indonesia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing.

On 2001, when Duran published a book entitled Children of Abraham: An Introduction to Islam for Jews, he was condemned by CAIR as not “real Muslim” even considered to be an apostate in Ash-Shahid, a Jordanian newspaper. See Khalid Duran, 2002, How CAIR Put My Life in Peril, Middle East Quarterly, Winter, pp. 37–43. http:/www.meforum.org/108/how-cair-put-my-life-in-peril.

The case for Shi’a community forced by the state authority to follow its interpretation on certain religious edict was an example of how the authority imposes its religious understanding/knowledge to the people with different religious orientation.

Quoted in Almirzanah, Syafaatun, When Mystic Masters Meet: Toward a New Matrix for Christian-Muslim Dialogue. Clifton, NJ: Blue Dome Publication, 2011, 167.

Quoted by Ramakrishna, Madrassas, Pesantrens, and the Impact of Education on Support for Radicalism, in Joseph McMillan, 2006, “In the Same Light as Slavery”: Building a Global Antiterrorist Consensus. Washington, DC: Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Press.

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Notes on contributors

Syafaatun Almirzanah

Syafaatun Almirzanah, Ph.D., D. Min. teaches at the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Jalan Marsda Adisucipto in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected]