Abstract
This study analyses the structure of incentives for introducing proportional representation into the institutional framework of authoritarianism by focusing on the 2004–9 reform of Russia's regional election laws. Statistical analysis supports a preliminary theory and a set of hypotheses according to which the varying degrees of the use of proportional representation in Russia's regions are conditioned by the interests and strategies of the involved political actors, including power-maximisation strategy of the federal authorities and the risk-aversion strategy of the region-level actors.