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Abstract
Since the end of the Cold War Africa has been affected by competing global agendas from Western and Islamic spheres. Running as parallel pressures, their combined effect on many African states has been significant. While some countries have moved forward with greater confidence, others have been mired in conflict and chaos, often exacerbated by religious or ethnic rivalry. However, today, in the wake of 11 September 2001 and international concerns about security, terrorism and fragile states, Africa faces new challenges. The latest initiatives—the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), with its voluntary Peer Review Mechanism and the USA's Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) present countries with hard choices, domestically, internationally and strategically. In this changing and uncertain world Africa faces compelling options and difficult decisions.
Notes
Correspondence Address: Heather Deegan, School of Health and Social Sciences, Middlesex University, Queensway, Enfield EN3 4SA, UK. Email: [email protected].
Africa Events, May 1994.
The United Nations Panel of Experts in Liberia reported: “The panel noted with concern that a number of non‐governmental organizations were planning exit strategies and redeployment of their assets to the Middle East”. Cited in UN Security Council Report S/2003/498, 24 April 2003, p. 13.
W. Van Eeghen, Senior Economist, World Bank, Germany. Interview, February 1994.
J. Klenk, Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit. Interview, 1994.
During a speech at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1994.
L. Chalker, Britain and Africa: Support for Peaceful Change, speech, London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2 March.
Interview with Van Eeghen.
Chalker, op. cit., Ref. 6.
ODA, Taking Account of Good Government, Technical Note No. 10, London: ODA, 1993.
The representatives were Dr Amadou Karim Gaye (Senegal, 1975–79); and Dr Hamid Algabid (Niger, 1989–96) (CitationDeegan, 1996, p. 117).
Salim Ahmed Salim, speech at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995.
Ibid.
Dr Hassan Turabi, Leader of the National Islamic Front and Speaker of the National Assembly, Khartoum, Sudan. Interview, February 1997.
Author's correspondence with Dr Mukhtar A. Hamour, Department of Policies and Strategic Planning, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 21 January 1997.
The author conducted fieldwork at the Islamic African Centre, Khartoum, Sudan in February 1997. Article 3 of the Constitution of the Islamic African Centre, Khartoum.
‘Objectives of the Department of Da’wah', in ibid.
Ibid.
Dr A. El‐Effendi, Former Cultural Attaché, Sudan Embassy, Interview, 1995.
Meeting held at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London, 17 July 2003.
Ibid.
See UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office website, at www.fco.gov.
For alternative interpretations of NEPAD, see articles by Patrick Chabal, Alex de Waal, Simon Maxwell and Karin Christiansen in International Affairs, 78 (3), 2002.
‘Declaration on Democracy, Political, Economic and Corporate Governance—Preamble’, in NEPAD at Work: Summary of NEPAD Action Plans, Pretoria: NEPAD Secretariat, July 2002, pp. 3–4.
Nigeria's President (formerly General) Obasanjo, commenting on the state of the African continent in the 1980s, cited in Venter (Citation2003).
Ambassador Hideaki Domichi, Director General of SubSaharan African Affairs, MOFA, Tokyo, speaking at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, 17 July 2003.
Africa Insight, 32 (3), September 2002.
Sir Moody Stuart, Southern African Business Association, London, 2 July 2003.
‘Declaration on Democracy, Political, Economic and Corporate Governance—African Peer Review Mechanism’ in NEPAD at Work, op. cit., Ref. 23.
NEPAD at Work, op. cit., Ref. 23, p. 9.
Ibid, p. 10.
Sir Moody Stuart, op. cit., Ref. 27; and RIIA meeting, 17 July 2003.