Trends in beach utilisation on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, during and after Apartheid

Abstract

This study examined patterns of recreational beach usage around the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, and how these have changed between the Apartheid and post-Apartheid eras. Two survey methods were employed, namely counts of users and questionnaires. Counts of the numbers of people engaged in different activities were performed on each of 11 beaches on 87 days between May 1995 and May 1996. During this period, 660 beach users were also questioned at 17 beaches. For both sampling methods, the date and weather conditions were noted, as well as the age, gender and racial group of those counted or questioned. Further information gained from the questionnaire surveys included group structure, travel mode and distance, frequency and duration of beach visits, primary attractions of that particular beach and attitudes regarding facilities at that beach. Beach usage has increased proportionally with the rising population of Cape Town over the past decade. Some integration of racial groups was evident, although this process has been slow, with White people being over-represented and Black and Coloured people being under-represented in relation to the general population. The primary objective of beach visitors was relaxation, with 56% of users being engaged in passive activities. Beach usage was highly seasonal, with peak attendances in summer. Environmental or aesthetic attractiveness were the major reasons given for going to the beach, and 84% of people were satisfied with beach conditions and facilities. The primary concern of beachgoers was the inadequacy of toilet facilities, both in terms of their provision and maintenance. More than 90% of those questioned were in favour of marine reserves, although there was a high level of ignorance concerning the location of existing reserves.