The faunistic diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the South African Cape Floristic Kingdom

Abstract

Spider species distribution in the Cape Floristic Kingdom (CFK) was compiled as part of the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA), whose main aim was to create a relational database for the country’s arachnid fauna. Data from the CFK was extracted from taxonomic and faunistic published papers, as well as unpublished faunistic survey data in national collections. A total of 11 500 records from 130 localities were recorded in the CFK until the end of 2023, representing 62 families, 334 genera and 960 species, with two further families (Synotaxidae and Theridiosomatidae) only known from undescribed species. This represents 42.4% of the total spider fauna of South Africa. For each species, the global and CFK distribution, as well as the level of endemicity and a conservation assessment using the IUCN Red List criteria, are provided. A total of 269 spp. (28.0%) are endemic to the CFK, 49 spp. (5.1%) are of special concern, and 229 spp. (23.9%) are Data Deficient. However, most of the species (682 spp., 71.0%) have a wide distribution with no known threats and are categorised as Least Concern. Salticidae is the most species-rich family (128 spp.), with 30 spp. endemic to the CFK, followed by the Gnaphosidae (107 spp.), Thomisidae (86 spp.) and Lycosidae (49 spp.), while six families are represented by a single species. The last decade has seen an exponential growth in the knowledge of spiders in South Africa, and there are certainly many more species that must still be discovered and described.

Keywords:

• abundance
• conservation status
• endemicity
• Fynbos Biome
• global distribution
• South African National Survey of Arachnida

INTRODUCTION

To meet the requirements of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), of which South Africa was one of the signatories, the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) was initiated in 1997, with the main aim to document the arachnid fauna of South Africa and collate all the data into a relational database (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2015). The second phase of SANSA (2006–2010) was especially important, as it was funded by the Royal Norwegian Ministry through the Threatened Species Programme of the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2015) to do inventories inlarge parts of South Africa. Biodiversity inventories are essential to collect, identify and document species to determine their range in an area. This is to recognise key areas for conservation and to monitor the effects of threats on species (Balmford and Gaston, 1999). With the availability of this data, one of the first results of SANSA was the release of the First Atlas of the Spiders of South Africa in 2010 (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2010), listing 2003 species with georeferenced records and distributional maps. The last decade has, however, seen considerable growth in the knowledge of spiders in South Africa, and the number of species known from South Africa has increased to 2265 species (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2023a, 2023b).

The recently emerged field of conservation biogeography is concerned with the distributional dynamics of species and how they relate to the conservation of biodiversity (Robertson et al., 2010). Specimens in natural history collections play a vital role in achieving the CBD goals, i.e., to discover and make an inventory of a group, and to database the primary data to manage the information and make it available in an efficiently retrievable form. Primary data collected with specimens housed in collections provide extremely valuable biodiversity information to science (Robertson et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2003), and most of the information about South African biodiversity originates from the country’s natural history collections (Drinkrow et al., 1994; Hamer, 2012; Jacobs, 2020; Scoble, 2010). To document and conserve the biodiversity of a group, correct species identification and distribution data are of central importance (Bengtsson et al., 1997) to document their conservation status (Foord et al., 2020). Most spider taxonomic research in South Africa was undertaken during the period from 1700 to 1899, focusing largely on the fauna of the coastal provinces, as most of the practicing arachnologists were stationed there. From 1960 to 1980 there was a considerable decline in the description of new species, but during the last three decades there has been a resurgence; more than 500 species have been described since 1980, mainly due to modern taxonomic revisions, the training of South African taxonomists and the efforts of overseas taxonomists.

The Cape Floristic Region (CFK) is a region of exceptional floral diversity and recognised as one of the six floral kingdoms of the world (Goldblatt, 1997). The Fynbos Biome, which is part of the CFK, is a botanical hotspot and is renowned globally for its exceptionally high plant diversity and endemism (Schnitzler et al., 2011). It also has one of the highest known incidences of local floral endemism in the world (Cowling et al., 1998), but faces numerous threats from anthropogenic sources and invasive alien plants, which affect arthropods such as spiders (Maoela et al., 2016; Van der Colff et al., 2015). The CFK flora, and insect abundance and diversity, have been well studied (e.g., Pryke and Samways, 2008, 2009a, 2009b), but few studies have focused on spiders (Coetzee et al., 1990; Foord and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2016; Haddad and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2009; Tucker, 1920a; Visser et al., 1999; Yekwayo et al., 2019). Based on the distribution records generated through SANSA, the CFK has been highlighted as a region of exceptionally high South African endemics and species of conservation concern, particularly those in the Rare and Endangered category (Foord et al., 2020).

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the diversity, endemicity and present conservation status of the spider fauna of the CFK, and to review the past research conducted within the CFK from conserved areas and agroecosystems that included spiders as a target taxon. It follows on from papers dealing with the fauna of the Savanna (Foord et al., 2011) and Grassland biomes (Haddad et al., 2013).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study area

The CFK is situated in the southern parts of South Africa and stretches from Niewoudville in the north of the Western Cape south- and eastwards along the coast and interior to Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth) in the east of the Eastern Cape (Figure 1). The oceans bound the CFK to the south and west and the arid Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo to the north and east, respectively. It only covers approximately 90 000 km². While the Fynbos Biome comprises three vegetation types, i.e., fynbos, renosterveld and strandveld, the CFK includes more vegetation types, such as Fynbos as well as inclusions of the Forest, Nama Karoo, Succulent Karoo and Thicket biomes (Figure 2). Agriculture, especially dairy, vineyards and deciduous fruit, as well as forestry plantations, cover 25.9% of the area, mostly on the nutrient-rich soils of the renosterveld vegetation region (Rouget et al., 2003). The CFK, characterised by its Mediterranean climate, has an average annual rainfall that varies dramatically, from 2000 mm on the high mountains facing the coastline to under 200 mm on the leeward slopes, with most of the precipitation occurring during winter (Goldblatt, 1997).

Figure 1. Extent of the Cape Floristic Region in southwestern South Africa, with the main protected areas (excluding the West Coast) indicated.

Figure 2. Representative biotopes of the Cape Floristic Kingdom. A, Coastal thicket, De Hoop Nature Reserve; B, Montane fynbos approximately one year after burning, Garcia Nature Reserve; C, Strandveld vegetation at Jacobsbaai; D, Montane fynbos, Dutoitskloof Pass; E, Montane fynbos and Afromontane Forest patch near Wynberg Caves, Table Mountain National Park; F, Interior of Afromontane Forest, Fernkloof Nature Reserve. Photographs: Charles Haddad.

Information from databases

Data on spider species richness for the CFK were obtained from three forms of datasets. This includes primary data from preserved specimens housed in natural history collections; data from published taxonomic and faunistic surveys; as well as a digital photographic database containing images of species recorded by the public and housed in Virtual Museums that could be accurately identified to species level. Also included are records from unpublished MSc and PhD theses and longer-term surveys that have been undertaken since the 1970s. One of the biggest constraints for SANSA is the lack of good taxonomic revisions for many of the larger spider families in Africa, such as Agelenidae, Dictynidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae and Theridiidae.

Fieldwork

Field studies were undertaken between 1997 and 2022 at several CFK sites as part of SANSA surveys (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2015) and various student and research projects conducted by the Universities of Cape Town, Rhodes, Stellenbosch, Free State and Venda. A large proportion of the specimens were also collected by reserve and national park managers and the public. Ground-dwelling spiders were mainly collected using pitfall traps, leaf litter sifting, and active searching at the base of grass tussocks and under rocks. Plant-dwelling species were collected by vacuum sampling, beating, sweeping, actively searching on vegetation and flowers, and tree fogging. Voucher specimens sampled by the students are housed in the NCA and the National Museum, Bloemfontein.

Conservation assessments

Endemicity value

An endemicity value was provided for each species (Appendix 1) based on its currently known distribution. Seven endemicity categories are recognised: 0 = species known from Africa and wider (C); 1 = AE, endemic to the Afrotropical Region (African Endemic); 2 = STHE, endemic to southern Africa (south of Zambezi and Kunene Rivers); 3 = SAE, endemic to South Africa, and known from more than two provinces or two provinces not adjoining; 4–5 = species recorded from the CFK in both the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces (4), or in only one of the provinces (5); 6 = CFK endemic, known only from type locality in the CFK.

Conservation status

As part of the Red Listing Spider project, the preliminary conservation status of all South African spider species was determined using the IUCN Red List criteria (Foord et al., 2020). Immatures or those species represented by new or undetermined taxa were not evaluated (NE), while species known from only one sex, or where only very old material was available, or where a species could not be accurately identified, were listed as DD (data deficient for taxonomic reasons or a lack of distribution data). Species with a broad distribution (categories 0–4) were of Least Concern (LC), while species of special concern were listed as Rare, Critically Rare, Vulnerable, or Near Threatened, as they belong to categories 5 or 6 (Appendix 1).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Faunistic composition

In compiling the spider species records from the three primary data sources, approximately 11 500 records from 130 localities were recorded in the CFK until the end of 2023, representing 62 families, 334 genera and 960 species (Table 1; Appendix 1). A further two families, Synotaxidae and Theridiosomatidae, have been collected in the CFK but none of the species have been described, so they are not dealt with further here. The most species-rich site sampled to date is the Table Mountain National Park (260 spp.), followed closely by the De Hoop Nature Reserve (252 spp.).

Table 1. Spider diversity of the Cape Floristic Kingdom (CFK), indiating the total number of genera (GEN) and species (SPP) sampled, their relative proportion, and the number of species endemic to the CFK.

FAMILY	GEN	SPP	%	END	FAMILY	GEN	SPP	%	END
Agelenidae	4	8	0.84	0	Mimetidae	2	3	0.31	0
Amaurobiidae	5	11	0.94	7	Miturgidae	1	1	0.10	0
Anapidae	2	3	0.31	1	Oecobiidae	2	2	0.21	0
Anyphaenidae	1	1	0.10	0	Oonopidae	4	6	0.63	1
Araneidae	25	47	4.91	0	Orsolobidae	2	3	0.31	2
Bemmeridae	2	11	1.15	10	Oxyopidae	3	15	1.57	0
Caponiidae	2	7	0.73	4	Palpimanidae	2	4	0.42	0
Cheiracanthiidae	3	16	1.67	1	Penestomidae	1	2	0.21	1
Clubionidae	1	5	0.52	0	Philodromidae	6	15	1.57	2
Corinnidae	6	10	1.04	0	Pholcidae	3	13	1.36	7
Ctenidae	1	3	0.31	0	Phyxelididae	5	8	0.84	5
Cyatholipidae	5	10	1.04	4	Pisauridae	9	14	1.46	1
Cyrtaucheniidae	1	6	0.63	5	Prodidomidae	5	13	1.36	4
Deinopidae	2	4	0.42	1	Pycnothelidae	1	1	0.10	1
Desidae	2	2	0.21	0	Salticidae	39	128	13.36	30
Dictynidae	3	3	0.31	1	Scytodidae	1	12	1.25	4
Drymusidae	1	4	0.42	3	Segestriidae	1	6	0.63	3
Dysderidae	1	1	0.10	0	Selenopidae	1	24	2.51	8
Entypesidae	3	13	1.36	9	Sicariidae	2	6	0.63	1
Eresidae	5	12	1.25	3	Sparassidae	6	15	1.57	2
Euagridae	2	3	0.31	1	Stasimopidae	1	12	1.25	9
Filistatidae	1	1	0.10	0	Telemidae	1	1	0.10	1
Gallieniellidae	1	8	0.84	7	Tetragnathidae	5	19	1.98	3
Gnaphosidae	28	107	11.17	19	Theraphosidae	3	16	1.67	13
Hahniidae	1	8	0.84	2	Theridiidae	16	38	3.97	9
Hersiliidae	3	7	0.73	0	Thomisidae	29	86	8.98	3
Idiopidae	2	3	0.31	0	Trachelidae	9	26	2.71	12
Linyphiidae	17	22	2.30	5	Trochanteriidae	1	7	0.73	3
Liocranidae	3	5	0.52	3	Uloboridae	5	8	0.84	0
Lycosidae	18	49	5.11	13	Zodariidae	13	36	3.76	20
Migidae	2	15	1.57	10	Zoropsidae	2	15	1.57	11
						334	960	100

The most species-rich families include Salticidae (128 spp.), which represents 13.33% of the fauna sampled, followed by Gnaphosidae (107 spp., 11.15%), Thomisidae (86 spp., 8.96%) and Lycosidae (49 spp., 5.10%). Six families are only represented by a single species (Table 1). The most species-rich spider genera recorded from the CFK are Anyphops Benoit, 1968 (Selenopidae, 24 spp.), followed by Heliophanus C. L. Koch, 1833 (Salticidae, 22 spp.), Zelotes Gistel, 1848 (Gnaphosidae, 20 spp.), Xerophaeus Purcell, 1907 (Gnaphosidae, 16 spp.) and Moggridgea O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875 (Migidae, 14 spp.) (Appendix 1).

Representative taxa

The spider fauna of the CFK, as elsewhere, can be broadly divided into hunting spiders, which actively forage and capture prey, and web-builders, which construct silk webs with a range of shapes and structures in which prey is trapped, immobilised and consumed. Within each group, further distinction can be made between species living on the ground surface and closely associated structures, such as rocks and logs, and those primarily associated with plants. Of the 960 species recorded from the CFK, 728 spp. (75.83%) are hunters while 232 spp. (24.17%) are web-builders. The two broad guilds will be treated separately.

Hunting spiders

The ground-dwelling spider fauna is largely shaped by the biotopes sampled and the methods used. In open fynbos and thicket habitats, Chummidae (Figure 3A), Corinnidae (Figure 3B), some Gallieniellidae (Figure 3E), Lycosidae (Figure 3F, G), Scytodidae (Figure 3M, N) and some Thomisidae (Figure 3R) are commonly collected. Species of Bemmeridae, Gnaphosidae, Scytodidae, Sicariidae (Figure 3O) and Theraphosidae are often collected under rocks and logs. In Afromontane forests, the litter fauna is dominated by Ctenidae (Figure 3C), some Gallieniellidae (Figure 3D), jumping spiders (Salticidae), particularly members of the tribeEuophryini (Figure 3I, L), and Zoropsidae (Figure 3W, X).

Figure 3. Representative hunting spiders of the Cape Floristic Kingdom. A, Chumma gastroperforata (Amaurobiidae); B, Pronophaea natalica (Corinnidae); C, Undescribed Anahita sp. (Ctenidae); D, Drassodella aurostriata (Gallieniellidae); E, D. quinquelabecula; F, Undetermined Hogna sp. (Lycosidae); G, Proevippa dregei (Lycosidae); H, Chiasmopes lineatus (Pisauridae); I, Euophrys cochlea (Salticidae); J, Undescribed Hispo sp. (Salticidae); K, Myrmarachne lesserti (Salticidae); L, Thyenula leighi (Salticidae); M, N, Undescribed Scytodes spp. (Scytodidae); O, Loxosceles spinulosa (Sicariidae); P, Harpactira cafreriana (Theraphosidae); Q, Undescribed Harpactira sp.; R, Heriaeus crassispinus (Thomisidae); S, Synema riflense (Thomisidae); T, Pherecydes tuberculatus (Thomisidae); U, Jocquestus capensis (Trachelidae); V, Griswoldia acaenata (Zoropsidae); W, Phanotea peringueyi (Zoropsidae); X, P. digitata. Photographs: A, C, E–J, M, N, Q, R, U–X Ruan Booysen; B, D, K, L, O, S, T, Rudolph Steenkamp; P, Charles Haddad. Photographers retain copyright of their images.

Common foliage-dwelling hunters in fynbos and thickets include species of Clubionidae, Philodromidae, Pisauridae (Figure 3H), Salticidae (Figure 3J, K) and Thomisidae (Figure 3S, T), while the fauna in forests is dominated by Clubionidae, Thomisidae and Trachelidae (Figure 3U).

Web-building spiders

Rare, tiny Anapidae (Figure 4B) and common Amaurobiidae and Linyphiidae (Figure 4N) are typically found in fynbos, thicket and Afromontane forest leaf litter. Common foliage-dwelling web-builders in forests include Amaurobiidae, especially Chresiona Simon, 1903 (Figure 4A), several species of Araneidae, particularly Caerostris Thorell, 1868 and Neoscona Simon, 1864, Synotaxidae (Figure 4Q) and Theridiidae. The dominant groups of web-builders associated with vegetation in open fynbos and thicket habitats include various species of Araneidae (Figure 4C–H), Dictynidae (Figure 4J) and Theridiidae (Figure 3R–X).

Figure 4. Representative web-building spiders of the Cape Floristic Kingdom. A, Undetermined Chresiona sp. (Amaurobiidae); B, Undetermined Crozotelus sp. (Anapidae); C, Argiope aurocincta (Araneidae); D, A. australis; E, Bijoaraneus legonensis (Araneidae); F, Gea infuscata (Araneidae); G, Isoxya cicatricosa (Araneidae); H, Larinia chloris (Araneidae); I, Trichonephila fenestrata (Araneidae); J, Undetermined Dictynidae sp.; K, Gandanameno fumosa (Eresidae); L, G. spenceri; M, Stegodyphus tentoriicola (Eresidae); N, Limoneta sirimoni (Linyphiidae); O, Vidole capensis (Phyxelididae); P, Spermophora pembai (Pholcidae); Q, Undescribed Synotaxidae sp.; R, Undetermined Argyrodes sp. (Theridiidae); S, Latrodectus renivulvatus (Theridiidae); T, Platnickina mneon (Theridiidae); U, Undescribed Ruborrhidion sp. (Theridiidae); V, Steatoda capensis (Theridiidae); W, Undetermined Theridion sp. (Theridiidae); X, Undetermined Tidarren sp. (Theridiidae). Photographs: A, D–H, J, P–W, Rudolph Steenkamp; B, N, X, Ruan Booysen; C, I, K–M, O, Charles Haddad. Photographers retain copyright of their images.

Species of Eresidae (Figure 4K, L) and Phyxelididae (Figure 4O) are found under rocks in fynbos and thickets, while Drymusidae and Phyxelididae are common under logs in forests. Non-social (Figure 4M) and social species of Stegodyphus Simon, 1873 (Eresidae) are occasionally found associated with woody vegetation and fences in fynbos and thickets, while the introduced Australian brown house spider, Badumna longinqua (L. Koch, 1867) (Desidae), is common in synanthropic habitats in coastal and subcoastal areas from Cape Town to Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), building webs around houses and on fencing (Haddad and Foord, 2021).

Spiders in conserved areas

In 2004, the “Cape Floral Region Protected Areas” was inscribed as a World Heritage Site, i.e., areas that receive legal protection by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In the CFK, nine representative protected areas have been identified, namely the Cederberg Wilderness Area, West Coast National Park, Table Mountain National Park, Groot Winterhoek Wilderness Area, Boland Mountain Complex, De Hoop Nature Reserve, Boosmansbos Wilderness Area, Swartberg complex, and Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve (Figure 1). As spider surveys have been undertaken in all nine sites, survey results are accordingly listed below.

1. Cederberg Wilderness Area

The Cederberg Wilderness Area (CWA) lies about 250 km north of Cape Town. This vast region encompasses approximately 182 000 hectares of rugged mountainous terrain, stretching from the Pakhuis Pass in the east near the Springbok Flats, and from the Middelberg Pass in the north to the Koue Bokkeveld Mountains and the Skurweberge in the south.

From 2004 to 2009, a transect consisting of 17 sites, starting at sea level in the west (Lambert’s Bay), peaking at 1920m (Sneeukop) and ending at Wupperthal (500 m a.s.l.) in the east, was sampled using pitfall traps. A total of 10 094 spiders, representing 178 species in 44 families and 100 genera were caught over the 6-year period and the voucher specimens are housed in the NCA (Foord and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2016). Levels of spider endemicity mirrored that of the plants in the region. Sixty-five percent (116 spp.) of the spider species sampled in the study were found to be endemic to South Africa, 57 spp. are undescribed, but 20 are in the process of being described.

2.	West Coast

No long-term spider surveys have been undertaken on the West Coast. Presently, 350 records are listed for the region in the NCA. Four regions are recognised in the West Coast and the localities where spiders have been sampled are listed as follows: the Bergriver region (Piketberg, Veldrift); Swartland region (Darling, Malmesbury, Moorreesburg, Yzerfontein); Peninsula region (Jacobsbaai, Langebaan, Paternoster, Saldanha Bay, St Helena Bay) and the Namaqua West Coastal region (Lutzville, Koekenaap, Vanrhynsdorp).

3.	Groot Winterhoek Wilderness Area

The Groot Winterhoek Mountains, located about 120 km north of Cape Town, near Porterville, are particularly important for protecting mountain fynbos and wildlife. They form part of the Cape Fold Belt comprising a watershed area of 552 606 hectares. Up to 83% of the range is still classified as being in a natural state and up to 72% of the range is protected. The towns of Saron and Porterville are located at the foot the mountain range's western side. Unfortunately, the Groot Winterhoek Wilderness Area is not well sampled for spiders and only 20 spp. have been recorded so far, although it is the type locality for numerous species of Gnaphosidae and Zodariidae (Tucker, 1920b, 1923).

4.	Table Mountain National Park (TMNP)

TMNP is a national park in Cape Town, South Africa, proclaimed on 29 May 1998, for the purpose of protecting the natural environment of the Table Mountain Chain, and in particular the rare fynbos vegetation. The area is also known as the Cape Peninsula and contains Table Mountain, for which the park is named, the Cape of Good Hope,and Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens. Several faunistic surveys were undertaken by the Universities of Stellenbosch and Cape Town to address ecological questions around the conservation of biodiversity in this area (Picker and Samways, 1996; Pryke, 2008; Pryke and Samways, 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2010, 2012; Rebelo et al., 2011; Tucker, 1920a; Uys, 2012). Surveys from temperate sandstone caves falling within the TMNP (Dippenaar-Schoeman and Myburgh, 2009; Ferreira et al., 2020; Sharratt and Samways, 2000) were also undertaken. The first records were sampled from the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden by Tucker (1920a), and more recently, by Pryke and Samways (2009a). A checklist for the TMNP was recently completed (Haddad and Dippenaar-Schoeman, in press) and it contains records of all the species sampled in the area, listing a total of 260 species from 50 families and 167 genera.

5.	Boland Mountain Complex

The Boland is a region situated to the northeast of Cape Town in the middle and upper courses of the Berg and Breede Rivers, around the Boland Mountains of the central Cape Fold Belt. It is sometimes also referred to as the Cape Winelands, because it is the primary region for the production of Western Cape wine and its core lies around the Boland Mountains and the towns of Stellenbosch, Paarl and Worcester. In the CFK, agriculture has transformed a quarter of the landscape, with growth of the industry predicted to continue (Rouget et al., 2003). The vineyard industry has experienced a slight decline in extent in South Africa in recent years, with 92 067 ha under vines in 2019, most of which occurs in the CFK (South African Wine Industry Information and Systems, 2019).

Throughout the years several surveys have been undertaken in the vineyards, with >2000 specimens housed in the NCA. Different aspects of wine grape production and its impacts on biodiversity conservation were addressed by several universities and the Agricultural Research Council (Gaigher and Samways, 2010, 2014; Gaigher et al., 2016; Halleen and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2013; Magoba et al., 2015; Theron, 2017; Theron et al., 2020a, 2020b). From surveys conducted in the Boland vineyards, a total of 45 families represented by 210 species were sampled. Surveys were also undertaken in the Hermanus area, including the Fernkloof Nature Reserve (Hamilton-Attwell and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2023), the Bontebok National Park (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021) and the Gondwana Private Game Reserve (Dippenaar-Schoeman and Buck, 2023). Further surveys have also been conducted in the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, focusing on the effects of fire on arthropods, including spiders (Yekwayo et al., 2018, 2019), and the buffer zones between conserved areas and surrounding transformed land (Van Schalkwyk et al., 2019a, 2019b, 2020). Spiders were also included in an assessment of vegetation-dwelling arthropods in the Jonkershoek Valley (Swart et al., 2017) and evaluations of the effects of invasive trees on arthropod diversity in the Boland Mountains (Maoela et al., 2016).

6.	De Hoop Nature Reserve (DHNR)

DHNR is situated on the south coast of the Western Cape Province and covers an area of 32 279 hectares terrestrially. In addition, the coastline and adjacent marine areas are also included in the reserve for the protection of the marine environment and its biodiversity. Surveys by the University of the Free State were carried out between 1999 and 2007 and consisted of five intensive surveys between two and 12 days in duration. Arachnids were sampled in five broad habitat types, namely fynbos, wetlands (De Hoop Vlei), Eucalyptus plantations at Potberg and Cupido’s Kraal, coastal dunes near Koppie Alleen and the intertidal zone at Koppie Alleen. A total of 274 species representing five arachnid orders were recorded, of which spiders were the dominant taxon (252 spp., 174 genera, 53 families) (Haddad and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2009).

7.	Boosmansbos Wilderness Area and Garden Route

Boosmansbos Wilderness Area, approximately 270 km east of Cape Town, is a large, rugged forest reserve in the Langeberg range. The area includes several towns, such as Barrydale, Suurbraak, Swellendam and Heidelberg. The Garden Route includes fynbos and extensive Afromontane forests along the southern coastline. Spiders were collected by several reserve managers but the most comprehensive survey of this extended area formed part of a Ph.D study at Stellenbosch University (Swart, 2020), where several forest sites were sampled by canopy fogging and other methods at five sites: Oubos at Riviersonderend; Grootvadersbosch near Heidelberg; Kleinbos near Friemersheim; Woodville near Wilderness and Witelsbos near Stormsrivier, both in the Garden Route National Park. This resulted in several papers that investigated land-use and anthropogenic impacts on spiders and other arthropods (Swart et al., 2018, 2019), and effects of tree surroundings and physiological traits on arthropods (Swart et al., 2020a, 2020b).

8.	Swartberg complex

The Swartberg Nature Reserve is situated in the Large Swartberg mountain range in the Oudtshoorn district of the Western Cape Province. Spiders were collected by the reserve manager over a 10-year period. A total of 45 families comprising 136 genera and 186 species were collected, all of which were new records for the area. This represents about 8.2% of the total known South African spider fauna (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2005). Additional samples were also taken from Touwsrivier, Gouritz, Witteberg Nature Reserve, Prince Albert, Gamkapoort Nature Reserve and Towerkop Nature Reserve.

9.	Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve

Baviaanskloof lies between the Baviaanskloof and Kouga mountain ranges. The easternmost point of the valley is about 95 km NW of the coastal city of Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth). The Baviaanskloof area includes a cluster of formal protected areas managed by the Eastern Cape Parks Board, totalling around 500 000 hectares. The best-known of these is the 184 385 ha Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve – the third largest protected area in South Africa – whichwas established in 1920. The Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve includes the Groendal Nature Reserve and Formosa Nature Reserve, and also encompasses private land. The Baviaanskloof area is one of outstanding natural beauty, owing to its spectacular landscapes and a diverse array of plants and animals. The area has been included as part of the Cape Floristic Region World Heritage Site since 2004. Surveys are currently ongoing in the area, which has historically been undersampled for arachnids. Recently, the first checklist of the spiders of the Baviaanskloof was published (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2023a, 2023b), in which 190 species representing 48 families were recorded. Additional surveys near the border of the reserve include checklists of the Addo Elephant National Park (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020), Thyspunt (Dippenaar-Schoeman and Wiese, 2022) and Jeffreys Bay (Wiese and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2023).

Spiders in agroecosystems

Predacious mites and insects have received much attention in biological control programmes of pests in Africa, while spiders appear to have been neglected. Research showed that spiders are one of the most common predator groups found in agroecosystems in South Africa (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2013). In some crops, they represent 70% of the predator complex (Van den Berg and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991). Reviews on the role of spiders in agroecosystems indicate an increasing interest in, and recognition of, spiders as natural control agents of insects and mites in crop systems. Spiders form part of a complex predatory community in crops and are important in regulating pest species in both commercial and small-scale farms (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2013).

In the CFK of South Africa, agriculture is dominated by wine and table grapes, citrus and deciduous fruit production, as well being as a major region for the production of berry crops, hops and wheat. Wine grape production and diversity conservation are of major importance in the CFK, and innovative management of the landscape is necessary (Gaigher and Samways, 2010, 2014; Gaigher et al., 2016). In one survey conducted in the CFK, a total of 940 spiders were sampled with paper traps or by hand to investigate their possible role in the transfer of vinestem virus (Halleen and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2013). A total of 13 families and 36 species were recorded, with Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch, 1879 (Cheiracanthiidae), Euryopis episinoides (Walckenaer, 1847) (Theridiidae) and Pelecopsis janus Jocqué, 1984 (Linyphiidae) the most abundant species.

In a separate study in the CFK, Magoba and Samways (2012) investigated the effects of vineyards and invasive alien trees on arthropods, finding that the most common predatory arthropods were spiders (50 spp.). In a comparison of fynbos with organic and conventional vineyards, Gaigher and Samways (2014) found that the vineyards had comparable ground-dwelling spider diversity to fynbos, although fynbos supported several unique and rare families and species that were not collected in the vineyards. Gaigher et al. (2016) compared vineyards, old fields and fynbos, collecting 50 spider species, of which 11 were considered to be of conservation importance. In a subsequent comparison of vinyeards, old fields, alien tree plantations and fynbos, Theron et al. (2020a, 2020b) found variable impacts of biotope structure and vegetation composition on plant- and ground-dwelling spiders. Vineyards had the lowest diversity, and the quantity and quality of natural vegetation in the landscape had an effect on spider assemblages in the transformed biotopes.

Using various sampling methods across different vineyards, Geldenhuys et al. (2021) sampled 112 spider morphospecies, which represented the third most species-rich arthropod order. In a separate study comparing vineyards and fynbos, they found that fynbos supported a significantly higher species richness of spiders, particularly plant-dwellers, although both biotopes had relatively high alpha-diversity (Geldenhuys et al., 2022). They attributed the distinct differences in the spider assemblages between the two biotopes to species associations with a particular biotope.

Another survey conducted in the CFK used pitfall traps to look at the impacts of alternative farming methods, such as organic and biodynamic farming, on biodiversity (Gaigher, 2008). A total of 17 spider families represented by 42 species were recorded during this study. In vineyards, Pelecopsis janus Jocqué, 1984 was the most abundant species, followed by Agyneta habra (Locket, 1968) and Limoneta sirimoni (Bosmans, 1979), all belonging to Linyphiidae. More recently, Birkhofer et al. (2019) investigated the effects of ground cover management in organic deciduous fruit orchards on various taxonomic groups, spiders included, while Arvidsson et al. (2020) investigated the impacts of mulching in these orchards on spider assemblages and their prey composition.

Conservation status and endemicity

Endemicity

A large percentage of the 960 species recorded in the CFK (21.35%) have a wide distribution throughout Africa, with a further 58 spp. (6.04%) also found in countries beyond Africa and 156 spp. (16.25%) occurring more widely in southern Africa. A total of 269 species (28.02%) are endemic to the CFK, including species from the Western Cape and parts of the Eastern Cape (Table 2).

Table 2. Conservation status and endemicity of the spider species sampled in the Cape Floristic Kingdom.

	CODE	SPP.	%
ENDEMICITY
0 – Africa and wider	C	58	6.04
1 – African endemics	AE	205	21.35
2 – Southern African endemics	STHE	156	16.25
3 – South African endemics (>2 provinces)	SAE	164	17.08
4 – South Africa endemics (2 provinces)	SAE	108	11.25
5 & 6 Cape Floristic Kingdom endemics	CFKE	269	28.02
CONSERVATION STATUS
Critically Endangered	CR	7	0.73
Endangered	EN	8	0.83
Vulnerable	VU	10	1.04
Near Threatened	NT	1	0.10
Rare	R	23	2.40
Least Concern	LC	682	71.04
Data Deficient	DD	229	23.85

Among the 53 families with more than two species recorded from the CFK, half or more of the species of 17 families are endemic to the CFK (Table 1; Appendix 1). All but one of these families is represented by fewer than 20 species, the exception being Zodariidae (36 spp.). Families with very high levels of endemism (75% or more CFK endemics) were dominated by ground-dwelling Mygalomorphae families (trapdoor and baboon spiders), which are sedentary and have limited dispersal capabilities (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2002): Bemmeridae (90.9%), Cyrtaucheniidae (83.3%), Theraphosidae (81.3%) and Stasimopidae (75%). Only two families belong to Araneomorphae, i.e. Gallieniellidae (87.5%) and Drymusidae (75%).

For comparison, using the same qualifying criteria, only five of 53 families recorded from the Savanna Biome had 50% of more of their species endemic to the biome (Archaeidae, Barychelidae, Idiopidae, Migidae and Zodariidae), and none had an endemism level of 75% (Foord et al., 2011). From the 44 qualifying families from the Grassland Biome, none had an endemism level exceeding 50% of their species, with the highest being Stasimopidae (then Ctenizidae, 46.7%) (Haddad et al., 2013). This data therefore emphasises the significance of the CFK as a biodiversity hotspot with high spider endemism, already indicated in Foord et al. (2020), and highlights the need to prioritise the conservation of its unique fauna.

Conservation status

Of the 960 species sampled, 229 spp. (23.85%) are data deficient (DD), i.e., lacking taxonomic or distribution data (Table 2). Most of the species (682 spp., 71.04%) sampled are listed as being of Least Concern (LC). Twenty-three species are listed as Rare and 26 are of special concern, ranging from Critically Rare to Near Threatened (Table 3).

Table 3. Spider species of special conservation concern in the Cape Floristic Kingdom, indicating their endemism score (END). B, F and M indicate that species are known from both sexes, females or males only, respectively.

SEX	CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR)	END
B	Cangoderces lewisi Harington, 1951	6
B	Crozetulus scutatus (Lawrence, 1964)	5
M	Heriaeus muizenberg Van Niekerk & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2013	6
B	Lepthyphantes rimicola Lawrence, 1964	5
B	Pterartoria cederbergensis Russell-Smith & Roberts, 2017	5
B	Quamtana leptopholcica (Strand, 1909)	5
B	Spermophora schoemanae Huber, 2003	6
	ENDANGERED (EN)
B	Diploglena dippenaarae Haddad, 2015	5
F	Moggridgea loistata Griswold, 1987	5
B	Moggridgea quercina Simon, 1903	5
B	Palystes kreuzmanni Jäger & Kunz, 2010	5
B	Procydrela precursor Jocqué, 1999	4
M	Quamtana knysna Huber, 2003	5
B	Rotundrela rotunda Jocqué, 1999	5
B	Smeringopus dehoop Huber, 2012	5
	VULNERABLE (VU)
M	Diores capensis Tucker, 1920	5
B	Diores dowsetti Jocqué, 1990	5
B	Erigonops littoralis (Hewitt, 1915)	5
B	Fuchibotulus bicornis Haddad & Lyle, 2008	5
B	Ilisoa knysna Griswold, 1987	5
B	Moggridgea terricola Simon, 1903	5
B	Mystaria lindaicapensis Lewis & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2014	4
B	Pionothele straminea Purcell, 1902	5
B	Psammoduon arenicola (Simon, 1910)	5
B	Scytodes gooldi Purcell, 1904	5
	NEAR THREATENED (NT)
B	Simorcus haddadi Van Niekerk & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2010	5
	RARE
B	Afroceto capensis Lyle & Haddad, 2010	5
F	Anyphops kraussi (Pocock, 1898)	5
M	Chinophrys trifasciata Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	5
B	Diores leleupi Jocqué, 1990	5
F	Diores setosus Tucker, 1920	5
B	Diores silvestris Jocqué, 1990	5
B	Ilisoa conjugalis Griswold, 1987	5
B	Izithunzi capense (Simon, 1893)	5
B	Izithunzi lina Labarque, Pérez-González & Griswold, 2017	5
B	Izithunzi productum (Purcell, 1904)	5
B	Izithunzi silvicola (Purcell, 1904)	4
B	Malaika longipes (Purcell, 1904)	5
B	Moggridgea intermedia Hewitt, 1913	5
B	Moggridgea teresae Griswold, 1987	5
B	Palystes martinfilmeri Croeser, 1996	5
B	Phanotea ceratogyna Griswold, 1994	5
B	Phanotea peringueyi Simon, 1896	5
B	Rotundrela orbiculata Jocqué, 1999	5
B	Rumburak lateripunctatus Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	5
F	Scytodes montana Purcell, 1904	5
B	Spermophora gordimerae Huber, 2003	5
B	Spermophora peninsulae Lawrence, 1964	5
B	Tanzania striatus Wesołowska, Azarkina, Russell-Smith, 2014	5

Taxonomic challenges

One of the largest tasks facing researchers in the biological sciences globally is addressing the “taxonomic deficit” – considered as the ratio between described and expected species in a taxon (Blaxter et al., 2005). This is a shared concern for researchers studying the diversity of protists (Mitchell et al., 2011), fungi (Heilmann-Clausen et al., 2019), insects (Dijkstra et al., 2014), spiders (Jocqué et al., 2013) and other organismal groups. Across the tree of life, taxonomists responsible for describing species are facing shared challenges of funding and infrastructure limitations and a lack of development of new researchers in the field to replace aging and retiring colleagues (Anderson and Majka, 2009; Bik, 2017).

Resolving the true diversity of spiders in South Africa is no different. Although the country has the richest described fauna on the continent that has been researched most thoroughly in the past (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2023a, 2023b; Jocqué et al., 2013), many families have never been subjected to revision and continue to present a considerable identification challenge to taxonomists and ecologists alike. This includes families with a large proportion of undescribed species (e.g. Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Dictynidae, Linyphiidae, Miturgidae, Theridiidae and Trachelidae), as well as poorly studied groups with currently misplaced species or with a number of undescribed genera (e.g. Amaurobiidae, Lycosidae and Trachelidae).

As such, the list of 960 described species recorded from the CFK in this paper (Appendix 1) is a considerable under-representation of the true diversity of the order. Several recent taxonomic revisions of South African taxa have elucidated a largely undescribed fauna of particular genera, including species endemic to the CFK (Appendix 1). For Chumma Jocqué, 2002 (Amaurobiidae), a revision quadrupled the species richness of the genus, which now includes four species from the CFK, two of which are endemic (Jocqué and Alderweireldt, 2018). Among the Entypesidae trapdoor spiders, the genus Lepthercus Purcell, 1902 increased from two to 11 species, with one CFK endemic (Ríos-Tamayo and Lyle, 2020); Hermacha Simon, 1899 increased from eight to 11 species, with six of the seven species from the CFK being endemics; a CFK endemic Hermachola Hewitt, 1915 was also described in the same paper (Ríos-Tamayo et al., 2021). As part of a concerted revision of Afrotropical Trachelidae, 20 of the 26 species recorded from the CFK have been described in the last two decades, including several new genera, and 12 of these species are endemics (Appendix 1).

These are only a few examples of how poorly studied many spider families are and the considerable proportion of newly described species that are CFK endemics. If projections can be made for the other understudied groups, then it is likely that the spider species richness in the CFK could potentially double once the fauna has been comprehensively studied. This can only be achieved through a concerted collecting effort in undersampled areas, as well as developing taxonomic expertise dedicated to revise and describe the fauna. This will require investment in capacity building through postgraduate student development, sourcing targeted funding from government and the private sector, attracting international researchers to work on the South African spider fauna, and promoting the importance of natural history collections to society and improving financial support to ensure their long-term use and development (Hamer, 2012; Jacobs, 2020).

CONCLUSION

The CFK represents a global biodiversity hotspot of considerable international significance, as it represents a unique floristic kingdom and is under severe threat from anthropogenic factors, particularly agriculture and urban development. Fortunately, its significance has been widely recognised and enabled the establishment of a broad network of protected areas to conserve the fauna and flora. To date, 960 spider species have been recorded from the CFK, representing 42.4% of the South African fauna, with a significant proportion of endemic species and species of conservation concern that need to be monitored in the future. This conservation effort has benefitted greatly from a broad range of ecological studies in the CFK that have included spiders as an indicator taxon, which not only elucidates the impacts of various anthropogenic factors on their faunistic composition, but has provided invaluable material to better understand the distribution patterns of the fauna. However, there is still a considerable taxonomic deficit for many groups, and resolving this shortfall is essential to better conserve the unique taxa occurring in the CFK.

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

A.S.D. identified specimens, processed species records and data, and wrote part of the manuscript; C.R.H. identified specimens, prepared figure plates, analysed data and wrote part of the manuscript; S.H.F. analysed data and prepared the map; L.N.L. identified specimens and helped with data analysis. All authors assisted with the conservation assessments and editing the final manuscript.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This paper is dedicated to the memory of our late colleague and co-author, Stefan Foord, whose incredible contribution to the success of SANSA as an ecologist, data analyst and taxonomist will be sorely missed in the years to come. The authors would like to thank the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Threatened Species Programme for funding the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) phase 2. CapeNature and SANParks are thanked for permits and facilitating projects to collect in the reserves and national parks. We acknowledge support from the DST-NRF Centre for Invasion Biology and the National Research Foundation of South Africa. The staff of the Arachnology section of the ARC –National Collection of Arachnida and the National Museum, Bloemfontein are thanked for their assistance with processing and databasing the material collected during SANSA. Members of the Spider Club and the SANSA volunteers (Linda Wiese, Helen Lieben, Victor Hamilton-Attwell, Elton le Roux, Walter Jubber, Renata Kruyswijk and the late Zanie van der Walt), reserve managers, and all the students from the universities of Stellenbosch, Rhodes, Cape Town, the Free State and Venda are thanked for their assistance with surveys and providing material. The contribution of photographers submitting images to the virtual museums is also acknowledged.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

APPENDIX 1.

CHECKLIST OF THE DESCRIBED SPIDER SPECIES OF THE CAPE FLORISTIC KINGDOM, SOUTH AFRICA. NEW SPECIES AND GENERA REPRESENTED BY UNDETERMINED SPECIES ARE NOT INCLUDED HERE.

Endemism scores (ES) and categories (END): 0 = species known from Africa and wider (C); 1 = AE, endemic to the Afrotropical Region (African Endemic); 2 = STHE, endemic to southern Africa (south of Zambezi and Kunene Rivers); 3 = SAE, endemic to South Africa, and known from more than two provinces or two provinces not adjoining; 4–5 = species recorded from the CFK in both the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces (4), or in only one of the provinces (5); 6 = CFK endemic, known only from type locality in the CFK.

Conservation status (CON): CR = Critically Endangered; EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable; NT = Near Threatened; R = Rare; LC = Least Concern; DD = Data Deficient; NE = Not Evaluated.

Table

Family/Species	ES	END	CON
FAMILY AGELENIDAE C.L. Koch, 1837
Agelena gaerdesi Roewer, 1955	2	STHE	LC
Benoitia deserticola (Simon, 1910)	2	STHE	LC
Benoitia ocellata (Pocock, 1900)	1	AE	LC
Benoitia raymondeae (Lessert, 1915)	1	AE	LC
Mistaria zuluana (Roewer, 1955)	3	SAE	LC
Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)	0	C	LC
Tegenaria pagana C.L. Koch, 1840	0	C	LC
Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785)	0	C	LC
FAMILY AMAUROBIIDAE Thorell, 1870
Chresiona convexa Simon, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Chresiona invalida (Simon, 1898)	3	SAE	LC
Chresiona nigrosignata Simon, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Chumma gastroperforata Jocqué, 2001	4	SAE	LC
Chumma striata Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2017	5	SAE	DD
Chumma subridens Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2017	4	SAE	DD
Chumma tsitsikamma Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2017	6	SAE	DD
Macrobunus caffer (Simon, 1898)	5	SAE	DD
Obatala armata Lehtinen, 1967	5	SAE	DD
Pseudauximus pallidus Purcell, 1903	4	SAE	LC
Pseudauximus reticulatus Simon, 1902	5	SAE	DD
FAMILY ANAPIDAE Simon, 1895
Crozetulus rhodesiensis Brignoli, 1981	2	STHE	LC
Crozetulus scutatus (Lawrence, 1964)	5	SAE	CR
Metanapis bimaculata (Simon, 1895)	6	SAE	DD
FAMILY ANYPHAENIDAE Bertkau, 1878
Amaurobioides africana Hewitt, 1917	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY ARANEIDAE Clerck, 1757
Arachnura scorpionoides Vinson, 1863	1	AE	LC
Araneus apricus Karsch, 1884	1	AE	LC
Araneus nigroquadratus Lawrence, 1937	2	STHE	LC
Argiope aurocincta Pocock, 1898	1	AE	LC
Argiope australis (Walckenaer, 1805)	1	AE	LC
Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772)	0	C	LC
Argiope trifasciata (Forsskål, 1775)	0	C	LC
Bijoaraneus legonensis (Grasshoff & Edmunds, 1979)	1	AE	LC
Caerostris corticosa Pocock, 1902	2	STHE	LC
Caerostris sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793)	1	AE	LC
Cyclosa insulana (Costa, 1834)	0	C	LC
Cyclosa oculata (Walckenaer, 1802)	0	C	LC
Cyrtarachne ixoides (Simon, 1870)	0	C	LC
Cyrtophora citricola (Forsskål, 1775)	0	C	LC
Gasteracantha sanguinolenta C.L. Koch, 1844	1	AE	LC
Gasteracantha versicolor (Walckenaer, 1842)	1	AE	LC
Gea infuscata Tullgren, 1910	1	AE	LC
Ideocaira transversa Simon, 1903	3	SAE	LC
Isoxya cicatricosa (C.L. Koch, 1844)	1	AE	LC
Isoxya mossamedensis Benoit, 1962	2	STHE	LC
Isoxya tabulata (Thorell, 1859)	1	AE	LC
Kilima decens (Blackwall, 1866)	1	AE	LC
Larinia bifida Tullgren, 1910	1	AE	LC
Larinia chloris (Audouin, 1826)	0	C	LC
Larinia natalensis (Grasshoff, 1971)	3	SAE	LC
Lipocrea longissima (Simon, 1881)	1	AE	LC
Nemoscolus tubicola (Simon, 1887)	2	STHE	LC
Nemoscolus vigintipunctatus Simon, 1897	2	STHE	LC
Neoscona blondeli (Simon, 1886)	1	AE	LC
Neoscona hirta (C. L. Koch, 1844)	1	AE	LC
Neoscona novella (Simon, 1907)	1	AE	LC
Neoscona quincasea Roberts, 1983	1	AE	LC
Neoscona rapta (Thorell, 1899)	1	AE	LC
Neoscona rufipalpis (Lucas, 1858)	1	AE	LC
Neoscona subfusca (C.L. Koch, 1837)	0	C	LC
Neoscona theisi theisiella (Tullgren, 1910)	1	AE	LC
Neoscona triangula (Keyserling, 1864)	0	C	LC
Paralarinia bartelsi (Lessert, 1933)	3	SAE	LC
Paraplectana thorntoni (Blackwall, 1865)	1	AE	LC
Paraplectana walleri (Blackwall, 1865)	2	STHE	LC
Pararaneus cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898)	1	AE	LC
Prasonica seriata Simon, 1895	1	AE	LC
Pycnacantha tribulus (Fabricius, 1781)	2	STHE	LC
Singafrotypa mandela Kuntner & Hormiga, 2002	3	SAE	LC
Trichonephila fenestrata (Thorell, 1859)	2	STHE	LC
Trichonephila senegalensis annulata (Thorell, 1859)	2	STHE	LC
Ursa turbinata Simon, 1895	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY BEMMERIDAE Simon, 1903
Homostola reticulata (Purcell, 1902)	5	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus broomi Tucker, 1917	6	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus collinus (Pocock, 1900)	5	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus gooldi (Purcell, 1903)	5	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus latus Purcell, 1904	6	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus lightfooti (Purcell, 1902)	4	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus pallidipes Purcell, 1904	6	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus purcelli Tucker, 1917	6	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus sagittarius (Purcell, 1902)	6	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus tricalcaratus (Purcell, 1903)	5	SAE	DD
Spiroctenus validus (Purcell, 1902)	5	SAE	DD
FAMILY CAPONIIDAE Simon, 1890
Caponia braunsi Purcell, 1904	4	SAE	DD
Caponia capensis Purcell, 1904	2	STHE	LC
Caponia forficifera Purcell, 1904	5	SAE	DD
Caponia karrooica Purcell, 1904	4	SAE	DD
Caponia simoni Purcell, 1904	6	SAE	DD
Diploglena capensis Purcell, 1904	5	SAE	DD
Diploglena dippenaarae Haddad, 2015	5	SAE	EN
FAMILY CHEIRACANTHIIDAE Wagner, 1887
Cheiracanthium africanum Lessert, 1921	1	AE	LC
Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch, 1879	1	AE	LC
Cheiramiona amarifontis Lotz, 2002	4	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona ansiae Lotz, 2002	4	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona clavigera (Simon, 1897)	3	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona ferrumfontis Lotz, 2002	4	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona florisbadensis Lotz, 2002	3	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona jakobsbaaiensis Lotz, 2015	6	SAE	DD
Cheiramiona krugerensis Lotz, 2003	3	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona lajuma Lotz, 2003	3	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona paradisus Lotz, 2003	2	STHE	LC
Cheiramiona plaatbosensis Lotz, 2015	4	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona silvicola (Lawrence, 1938)	3	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona simplicitarsis (Simon, 1910)	3	SAE	LC
Cheiramiona stellenboschiensis Lotz, 2003	5	SAE	DD
Lessertina capensis Haddad, 2014	5	SAE	DD
FAMILY CLUBIONIDAE Wagner, 1887
Clubiona abbajensis Strand, 1906	1	AE	LC
Clubiona africana Lessert, 1921	1	AE	LC
Clubiona godfreyi Lessert, 1921	1	AE	LC
Clubiona lawrencei Roewer, 1951	2	STHE	LC
Clubiona umbilensis Lessert, 1923	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY CORINNIDAE Karsch, 1880
Cambalida dippenaarae Haddad, 2012	1	AE	LC
Cambalida fulvipes Simon, 1896	1	AE	LC
Coenoptychus tropicalis (Haddad, 2004)	1	AE	LC
Copa flavoplumosa Simon, 1885	1	AE	LC
Copuetta lacustris (Strand, 1916)	1	AE	LC
Copuetta lotzi Haddad, 2013	3	SAE	LC
Merenius alberti Lessert, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Merenius simoni Lessert, 1921	1	AE	LC
Pronophaea natalica Simon, 1897	3	SAE	LC
Pronophaea proxima (Lessert, 1923)	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY CTENIDAE Keyserling, 1877
Ctenus gulosus Des Arts, 1912	2	STHE	LC
Ctenus parvoculatus Benoit, 1979	3	SAE	LC
Ctenus pulchriventris (Simon, 1896)	2	STHE	LC
FAMYLY CYATHOLIPIDAE Simon, 1894
Cyatholipus avus Griswold, 1987	4	SAE	LC
Cyatholipus hirsutissimus Simon, 1894	4	SAE	LC
Cyatholipus quadrimaculatus Simon, 1894	4	SAE	LC
Ilisoa conjugalis Griswold, 1987	5	SAE	Rare
Ilisoa hawequas Griswold, 1987	6	SAE	DD
Ilisoa knysna Griswold, 1987	5	SAE	VU
Pokennips dentipes Simon, 1894	5	SAE	DD
Ubacisi capensis (Griswold, 1987)	4	SAE	LC
Ulwembua denticulata Griswold, 1987	3	SAE	LC
Ulwembua outeniqua Griswold, 1987	4	SAE	LC
FAMILY CYRTAUCHENIIDAE Simon, 1889
Ancylotrypa cornuta Purcell, 1904	5	SAE	DD
Ancylotrypa flavidofusula (Hewitt, 1915)	6	SAE	DD
Ancylotrypa lateralis (Purcell, 1902)	5	SAE	DD
Ancylotrypa pallidipes (Purcell, 1904)	5	SAE	DD
Ancylotrypa parva (Hewitt, 1916)	6	SAE	DD
Ancylotrypa sororum (Hewitt, 1916)	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY DEINOPIDAE C.L. Koch, 1850
Asianopis cylindrica (Pocock, 1898)	2	STHE	LC
Menneus camelus Pocock, 1902	3	SAE	LC
Menneus capensis (Purcell, 1904)	5	SAE	LC
Menneus dromedarius Purcell, 1904	1	AE	LC
FAMILY DESIDAE Pocock, 1895
Badumna longinqua (L. Koch, 1867)	0	C	LC
Desis formidabilis (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1890)	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY DICTYNIDAE O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
Archaeodictyna condocta (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1876)	0	C	LC
Mashimo leleupi Lehtinen, 1967	1	AE	LC
Shango capicola (Strand, 1909)	6	SAE	DD
FAMILY DRYMUSIDAE Simon, 1893
Izithunzi capense (Simon, 1893)	5	SAE	Rare
Izithunzi lina Labarque, Pérez-González & Griswold, 2017	5	SAE	Rare
Izithunzi productum (Purcell, 1904)	5	SAE	Rare
Izithunzi silvicola (Purcell, 1904)	4	SAE	Rare
FAMILY DYSDERIDAE C.L. Koch, 1837
Dysdera crocata C.L. Koch, 1838	0	C	LC
FAMILY ENTYPESIDAE Bond, Opatova & Hedin, 2020
Ekapa curvipes (Purcell, 1902)	3	SAE	LC
Hermacha brevicauda Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Hermacha fulva Tucker, 1917	6	SAE	DD
Hermacha lanata Purcell, 1902	5	SAE	DD
Hermacha montana Ríos-Tamayo, Engelbrecht & Goloboff, 2021	5	SAE	LC
Hermacha nigrispinosa Tucker, 1917	5	SAE	LC
Hermacha sericea Purcell, 1902	4	SAE	LC
Hermacha tuckeri Raven, 1985	5	SAE	DD
Hermachola capensis Ríos-Tamayo, Engelbrecht & Goloboff, 2021	6	SAE	DD
Hermachola lyleae Ríos-Tamayo, Engelbrecht & Goloboff, 2021	5	SAE	LC
Lepthercus engelbrechti Ríos-Tamayo & Lyle, 2020	4	SAE	DD
Lepthercus haddadi Ríos-Tamayo & Lyle, 2020	4	SAE	DD
Lepthercus sofiae Ríos-Tamayo & Lyle, 2020	5	SAE	LC
FAMILY ERESIDAE C.L. Koch, 1845
Dresserus angusticeps Purcell, 1904	5	SAE	DD
Dresserus collinus Pocock, 1900	5	SAE	DD
Dresserus nigellus Tucker, 1920	5	SAE	DD
Gandanameno fumosa (C.L. Koch, 1837)	3	SAE	LC
Gandanameno purcelli (Tucker, 1920)	3	SAE	LC
Gandanameno spenceri (Pocock, 1900)	2	STHE	LC
Paradonea variegata (Purcell, 1904)	2	STHE	LC
Seothyra longipedata Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991	2	STHE	LC
Seothyra schreineri Purcell, 1903	2	STHE	LC
Stegodyphus dumicola Pocock, 1898	2	STHE	LC
Stegodyphus mimosarum Pavesi, 1883	1	AE	LC
Stegodyphus tentoriicola Purcell, 1904	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY EUAGRIDAE Raven, 1979
Allothele australis (Purcell, 1903)	4	SAE	LC
Allothele caffer (Pocock, 1902)	4	SAE	LC
Euagrus atropurpureus Purcell, 1903	6	SAE	DD
FAMILY FILISTATIDAE Simon, 1864
Afrofilistata fradei (Berland & Millot, 1940)	1	AE	LC
FAMILY GALLIENIELLIDAE Millot, 1947
Drassodella aurostriata Mbo & Haddad, 2019	5	SAE	LC
Drassodella baviaans Mbo & Haddad, 2019	6	SAE	DD
Drassodella purcelli Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	DD
Drassodella quinquelabecula Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	LC
Drassodella salisburyi Hewitt, 1916	5	SAE	LC
Drassodella septemmaculata (Strand, 1909)	4	SAE	LC
Drassodella trilineata Mbo & Haddad, 2019	6	SAE	DD
Drassodella vasivulva Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	LC
FAMYLY GNAPHOSIDAE Banks, 1892
Ammoxenus kalaharicus Benoit, 1972	2	STHE	LC
Ammoxenus pentheri Simon, 1896	2	STHE	LC
Amusia cataracta Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Aneplasa balnearia Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	DD
Aneplasa facies Tucker, 1923	4	SAE	LC
Aneplasa interrogationis Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Aneplasa nigra Tucker, 1923	4	SAE	LC
Aneplasa primaries Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	DD
Aneplasa sculpturata Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	DD
Aphantaulax australis Simon, 1893	6	SAE	DD
Aphantaulax inornata Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Aphantaulax signicollis Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Aphantaulax stationis Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Asemesthes albovittatus Purcell, 1908	2	STHE	LC
Asemesthes ceresicola Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Asemesthes lamberti Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	DD
Asemesthes lineatus Purcell, 1908	1	AE	LC
Asemesthes montanus Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Asemesthes oconnori Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Asemesthes paynteri Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Asemesthes purcelli Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Asemesthes reflexus Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Asemesthes subnubilus Simon, 1887	2	STHE	LC
Camillina aldabrae (Strand, 1907)	1	AE	LC
Camillina biplagia Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Camillina capensis Platnick & Murphy, 1987	3	SAE	LC
Camillina cordifera (Tullgren, 1910)	1	AE	LC
Camillina pavesii (Simon, 1897)	1	AE	LC
Camillina procurva (Purcell, 1908)	1	STHE	LC
Camillina setosa Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Diaphractus leipoldti Purcell, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Drassodes dregei Purcell, 1907	6	SAE	DD
Drassodes ereptor Purcell, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Drassodes gooldi Purcell, 1907	6	SAE	DD
Drassodes helenae Purcell, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Drassodes lophognathus Purcell, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Drassodes solitarius Purcell, 1907	2	STHE	LC
Drassodes splendens Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Drassodes stationis Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Echemus erutus Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Eilica fusca Platnick, 1975	6	SAE	DD
Ibala arcus (Tucker, 1923)	2	STHE	LC
Ibala bilinearis (Tucker, 1923)	2	STHE	LC
Leptodrassex capensis Haddad & Booysen 2022	5	SAE	DD
Leptodrassus bergensis Tucker, 1923	6	SAE	DD
Marinarozelotes jaxartensis (Kroneberg, 1875)	0	C	LC
Megamyrmaekion schreineri Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Megamyrmaekion transvaalense Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Micaria beaufortia Tucker, 1923	1	AE	LC
Micaria bispicula Booysen & Haddad, 2021	2	STHE	LC
Micaria chrysis (Simon, 1910)	2	STHE	LC
Micaria felix Booysen & Haddad, 2021	1	AE	LC
Micaria koingnaas Booysen & Haddad, 2021	4	SAE	DD
Nomisia australis Dalmas, 1921	6	SAE	DD
Nomisia varia (Tucker, 1923)	2	STHE	LC
Poecilochroa anomala (Hewitt, 1915)	2	STHE	LC
Poecilochroa capensis Strand, 1909	3	SAE	LC
Poecilochroa involuta Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Pterotricha auris (Tucker, 1923)	3	SAE	LC
Rastellus deserticola Haddad, 2003	2	STHE	LC
Rastellus florisbad Platnick & Griffin, 1990	3	SAE	DD
Scotophaeus relegatus Purcell, 1907	2	STHE	LC
Setaphis browni (Tucker, 1923)	0	C	LC
Setaphis subtilis (Simon, 1897)	0	C	LC
Smionia lineatipes (Purcell, 1908)	2	STHE	LC
Trephopoda aplanita (Tucker, 1923)	4	SAE	LC
Trephopoda biamenta (Tucker, 1923)	5	SAE	DD
Trephopoda kannemeyeri (Tucker, 1923)	3	SAE	LC
Trephopoda parvipalpa (Tucker, 1923)	2	STHE	LC
Trichothyse africana (Tucker, 1923)	2	STHE	LC
Urozelotes rusticus (L. Koch, 1872)	0	C	LC
Xerophaeus ahenus Purcell, 1908	4	SAE	LC
Xerophaeus appendiculatus Purcell, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Xerophaeus aurariarum Purcell, 1907	2	STHE	LC
Xerophaeus bicavus Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Xerophaeus capensis Purcell, 1907	4	SAE	LC
Xerophaeus communis Purcell, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Xerophaeus crusculus Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Xerophaeus crustosus Purcell, 1907	5	SAE	DD
Xerophaeus exiguus Purcell, 1907	4	SAE	DD
Xerophaeus flammeus Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	DD
Xerophaeus flavescens Purcell, 1907	4	SAE	DD
Xerophaeus lightfooti Purcell, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Xerophaeus lunulifer Purcell, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Xerophaeus matroosbergensis Tucker, 1923	4	SAE	LC
Xerophaeus phaseolus Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	DD
Xerophaeus rubeus Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Zelotes albanicus (Hewitt, 1915)	3	SAE	LC
Zelotes broomi (Purcell, 1907)	5	SAE	LC
Zelotes caldarius (Purcell, 1907)	2	STHE	LC
Zelotes capsula Tucker, 1923	3	SAE	LC
Zelotes corrugatus (Purcell, 1907)	1	AE	LC
Zelotes flavitarsis (Purcell, 1908)	5	SAE	DD
Zelotes fuligineus (Purcell, 1907)	1	AE	LC
Zelotes gooldi (Purcell, 1907)	2	STHE	LC
Zelotes haplodrassoides (Denis, 1955)	1	AE	LC
Zelotes humilis (Purcell, 1907)	2	STHE	LC
Zelotes invidus (Purcell, 1907)	2	STHE	LC
Zelotes kuncinyanus FitzPatrick, 2007	6	SAE	DD
Zelotes lightfooti (Purcell, 1907)	3	SAE	LC
Zelotes muizenbergensis FitzPatrick, 2007	6	SAE	DD
Zelotes natalensis Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Zelotes reduncus (Purcell, 1907)	2	STHE	LC
Zelotes resolution FitzPatrick, 2007	5	SAE	LC
Zelotes sclateri Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Zelotes scrutatus (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)	1	AE	LC
Zelotes uquathus FitzPatrick, 2007	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY HAHNIIDAE Bertkau, 1878
Hahnia abrahami (Hewitt, 1915)	5	SAE	DD
Hahnia clathrata Simon, 1898	2	STHE	LC
Hahnia larseni Marusik, 2017	6	SAE	DD
Hahnia laticeps Simon, 1898	3	SAE	LC
Hahnia lobata Bosmans, 1981	3	SAE	LC
Hahnia schubotzi Strand, 1913	1	AE	LC
Hahnia tabulicola Simon, 1898	1	AE	LC
Hahnia zodarioides (Simon, 1898)	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY HERSILIIDAE Thorell, 1869
Hersilia sericea Pocock, 1898	1	AE	LC
Hersilia setifrons Lawrence, 1928	2	STHE	LC
Neotama corticola (Lawrence, 1937)	3	SAE	LC
Tyrotama abyssus Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2005	2	STHE	LC
Tyrotama arida (Smithers, 1945)	3	SAE	LC
Tyrotama australis (Simon, 1893)	2	STHE	LC
Tyrotama incerta (Tucker, 1920)	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY IDIOPIDAE Simon, 1889
Ctenolophus kolbei (Purcell, 1902)	4	SAE	LC
Gorgyrella inermis Hewitt, 1913	4	SAE	DD
Gorgyrella schreineri Purcell, 1903	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY LINYPHIIDAE Blackwall, 1859
Afribactrus stylifrons Wunderlich, 1995	6	SAE	DD
Agyneta gracilipes (Holm, 1968)	1	AE	LC
Agyneta habra (Locket, 1968)	1	AE	LC
Agyneta natalensis (Jocqué, 1984)	3	SAE	LC
Agyneta prosectes (Locket, 1968)	1	AE	LC
Ceratinopsis dippenaari Jocqué, 1984	3	SAE	LC
Erigonops littoralis (Hewitt, 1915)	5	SAE	VU
Frontinellina locketi van Helsdingen, 1970	3	SAE	LC
Lepthyphantes rimicola Lawrence, 1964	5	SAE	CR
Limoneta sirimoni (Bosmans, 1979)	2	AE	LC
Lucrinus putus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904	6	SAE	DD
Mecynidis dentipalpis Simon, 1894	2	STHE	LC
Mermessus fradeorum (Berland, 1932)	0	C	LC
Metaleptyphantes familiaris Jocqué, 1984	3	SAE	LC
Microlinyphia sterilis (Pavesi, 1883)	1	AE	LC
Neriene flammea van Helsdingen, 1969	4	SAE	DD
Ostearius melanopygius (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1879)	0	C	LC
Pelecopsis intricata Jocqué, 1984	4	SAE	LC
Pelecopsis janus Jocqué, 1984	2	STHE	LC
Pelecopsis medusoides Jocqué, 1984	6	SAE	DD
Prinerigone vagans (Audioun, 1826)	0	C	LC
Typhistes gloriosus Jocqué, 1984	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY LIOCRANIDAE Simon, 1897
Andromma raffrayi Simon, 1899	2	STHE	LC
Coryssiphus cinerascens Simon, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Coryssiphus praeustus Simon, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Rhaeboctesis matroosbergensis Tucker, 1920	5	SAE	LC
Rhaeboctesis secundus Tucker, 1920	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY LYCOSIDAE Sundevall, 1833
Allocosa algoensis (Pocock, 1900)	6	SAE	DD
Allocosa faberrima (Simon, 1910)	2	STHE	LC
Allocosa tuberculipalpa (Caporiacco, 1940)	1	AE	LC
Amblyothele latedissipata Russell-Smith, Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2009	1	AE	LC
Arctosa brevispina (Lessert, 1915)	1	AE	LC
Arctosa lightfooti (Purcell, 1903)	5	SAE	DD
Arctosa nivosa (Purcell, 1903)	3	SAE	LC
Arctosa oneili (Purcell, 1903)	3	SAE	DD
Arctosa promontorii (Purcell, 1900)	3	SAE	LC
Artoria lycosimorpha Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Evippomma squamulatum (Simon, 1898)	2	STHE	LC
Foveosa foveolata (Purcell, 1903)	1	AE	LC
Geolycosa hectoria (Pocock, 1900)	5	SAE	DD
Geolycosa subvittata (Pocock, 1900)	4	SAE	LC
Hippasa funerea Lessert, 1925	2	STHE	LC
Hippasosa guttata (Karsch, 1878)	1	AE	LC
Hogna bimaculata (Purcell, 1903)	2	STHE	LC
Hogna unicolor Roewer, 1959	2	STHE	LC
Lycosa perspicua Roewer, 1960	6	SAE	DD
Lycosa rimicola Purcell, 1903	4	SAE	DD
Minicosa neptuna Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 2006	3	STHE	LC
Pardosa clavipalpis Purcell, 1903	1	AE	LC
Pardosa crassipalpis Purcell, 1903	2	STHE	LC
Pardosa leipoldti Purcell, 1903	2	STHE	LC
Pardosa lycosina Purcell, 1903	4	SAE	DD
Pardosa manubriata Simon, 1898	2	STHE	LC
Proevippa albiventris (Simon, 1898)	2	STHE	LC
Proevippa biampliata (Purcell, 1903)	2	STHE	LC
Proevippa bruneipes (Purcell, 1903)	2	STHE	LC
Proevippa dregei (Purcell, 1903)	5	SAE	LC
Proevippa fascicularis (Purcell, 1903)	2	STHE	LC
Proevippa hirsuta (Russell-Smith, 1981)	2	STHE	LC
Proevippa lightfooti Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	LC
Proevippa schreineri (Purcell, 1903)	2	STHE	LC
Pterartoria caldaria Purcell, 1903	4	SAE	LC
Pterartoria cederbergensis Russell-Smith & Roberts, 2017	5	SAE	CR
Pterartoria confusa Russell-Smith & Roberts, 2017	4	SAE	LC
Pterartoria flavolimbata Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Pterartoria lativittata Purcell, 1903	4	SAE	LC
Pterartoria polysticta Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Pterartoria sagae (Purcell, 1903)	6	SAE	DD
Pterartoria subcrucifera (Purcell, 1903)	4	SAE	LC
Trabea ornatipalpis Russell-Smith, 1982	3	SAE	LC
Trabea purcelli Roewer, 1951	1	AE	LC
Trabea rubriceps Lawrence, 1952	2	STHE	LC
Trabea unicolor Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Trabea varia Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	LC
Tricassa deserticola Simon, 1910	2	STHE	LC
Wadicosa oncka Lawrence, 1927	1	AE	LC
FAMILY MIGIDAE Simon, 1889
Moggridgea ampullata Griswold, 1987	6	SAE	DD
Moggridgea crudeni Hewitt, 1913	5	SAE	DD
Moggridgea dyeri O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1875	4	SAE	LC
Moggridgea intermedia Hewitt, 1913	5	SAE	Rare
Moggridgea leipoldti Purcell, 1903	6	SAE	DD
Moggridgea loistata Griswold, 1987	5	SAE	EN
Moggridgea mordax Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Moggridgea peringueyi Simon, 1903	3	SAE	LC
Moggridgea pseudocrudeni Hewitt, 1919	4	SAE	DD
Moggridgea quercina Simon, 1903	5	SAE	EN
Moggridgea rupicola Hewitt, 1913	4	SAE	DD
Moggridgea rupicoloides Hewitt, 1914	5	SAE	DD
Moggridgea teresae Griswold, 1987	5	SAE	Rare
Moggridgea terricola Simon, 1903	5	SAE	VU
Poecilomigas abrahami (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY MIMETIDAE Simon, 1881
Anansi natalensis (Lawrence, 1938)	3	SAE	LC
Ero capensis Simon, 1895	2	STHE	LC
Ero lawrencei Unzicker, 1966	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY MITURGIDAE Simon, 1886
Parapostenus hewitti Lessert, 1923	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY OECOBIIDAE Blackwall, 1862
Oecobius navus Blackwall, 1859	0	C	LC
Uroctea quinquenotata Simon, 1910	4	SAE	LC
FAMILY OONOPIDAE Simon, 1890
Australoonops granulatus Hewitt, 1915	3	SAE	LC
Australoonops skaife Platnick & Dupérré, 2011	4	SAE	LC
Dalmasula griswoldi Szűts & Ubick, 2012	6	SAE	DD
Gamasomorpha humicola Lawrence, 1947	3	SAE	LC
Opopaea mattica Simon, 1893	4	SAE	LC
Opopaea speciosa (Lawrence, 1952)	1	AE	LC
FAMILY ORSOLOBIDAE Cooke, 1965
Afrilobus australis Griswold & Platnick, 1987	5	SAE	DD
Afrilobus capensis Griswold & Platnick, 1987	4	SAE	LC
Calculus bicolor Purcell, 1910	6	SAE	DD
FAMILY OXYOPIDAE Thorell, 1869
Hamataliwa fronticornis (Lessert, 1927)	1	AE	LC
Hamataliwa kulczynskii (Lessert, 1915)	1	AE	LC
Oxyopes affinis Lessert, 1915	1	AE	LC
Oxyopes bothai Lessert, 1915	1	AE	LC
Oxyopes dumonti (Vinson, 1863)	1	AE	LC
Oxyopes flavipalpis (Lucas, 1858)	1	AE	LC
Oxyopes hoggi Lessert, 1915	1	AE	LC
Oxyopes jacksoni Lessert, 1915	1	AE	LC
Oxyopes longispinosus Lawrence, 1938	3	SAE	LC
Oxyopes russoi Caporiacco, 1940	1	AE	LC
Oxyopes vogelsangeri Lessert, 1946	1	AE	LC
Peucetia maculifera Pocock, 1900	2	STHE	LC
Peucetia nicolae Van Niekerk & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1994	3	SAE	LC
Peucetia striata Karsch, 1878	1	AE	LC
Peucetia viridis (Blackwall, 1858)	1	AE	LC
FAMILY PALPIMANIDAE Thorell, 1870
Diaphorocellus biplagiatus Simon, 1893	2	STHE	LC
Palpimanus capensis Simon, 1893	3	SAE	LC
Palpimanus crudeni Lessert, 1936	4	SAE	DD
Palpimanus transvaalicus Simon, 1893	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY PENESTOMIDAE Simon, 1903
Penestomus planus Simon, 1902	4	SAE	DD
Penestomus stilleri (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1989)	5	SAE	DD
FAMILY PHILODROMIDAE
Gephyrota glauca (Jézéquel, 1966)	1	AE	LC
Hirriusa arenacea (Lawrence, 1927)	2	STHE	LC
Hirriusa bidentata (Lawrence, 1927)	2	STHE	LC
Hirriusa variegata (Simon, 1895)	3	SAE	LC
Philodromus brachycephalus Lawrence, 1952	1	AE	LC
Philodromus browningi Lawrence, 1952	2	STHE	LC
Philodromus epigynatus Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Philodromus grosi Lessert, 1943	1	AE	LC
Philodromus guineensis Millot, 1941	1	AE	LC
Philodromus thanatellus Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Suemus punctatus Lawrence, 1938	2	STHE	LC
Thanatus lamottei Jézéquel, 1964	1	AE	LC
Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870	0	C	LC
Tibellus hollidayi Lawrence, 1952	1	AE	LC
Tibellus minor Lessert, 1919	1	AE	LC
FAMILY PHOLCIDAE C. L. Koch, 1850
Quamtana bonamanzi Huber, 2003	3	SAE	LC
Quamtana knysna Huber, 2003	5	SAE	EN
Quamtana leptopholcica (Strand, 1909)	5	SAE	CR
Quamtana vidal Huber, 2003	3	SAE	LC
Smeringopus dehoop Huber, 2012	5	SAE	EN
Smeringopus hypocrita Simon, 1910	2	STHE	LC
Smeringopus natalensis Lawrence, 1947	2	STHE	LC
Smeringopus sederberg Huber, 2012	4	SAE	LC
Smeringopus ubicki Huber, 2012	4	SAE	LC
Spermophora gordimerae Huber, 2003	5	SAE	Rare
Spermophora peninsulae Lawrence, 1964	5	SAE	Rare
Spermophora schoemanae Huber, 2003	6	SAE	CR
Spermophora suurbraak Huber, 2003	6	SAE	DD
FAMILY PHYXELIDIDAE Lehtinen, 1967
Lamaika distincta Griswold, 1990	6	SAE	DD
Malaika delicatula Griswold, 1990	5	SAE	DD
Malaika longipes (Purcell, 1904)	5	SAE	Rare
Matundua silvatica (Purcell, 1904)	5	SAE	DD
Namaquarachne tropata Griswold, 1990	5	SAE	LC
Vidole capensis (Pocock, 1900)	3	SAE	LC
Vidole lyra Griswold, 1990	3	SAE	LC
Vidole schreineri (Purcell, 1904)	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY PISAURIDAE Simon, 1890
Afropisaura ducis (Strand, 1913)	1	AE	LC
Chiasmopes lineatus (Pocock, 1898)	1	AE	LC
Chiasmopes namaquensis (Roewer, 1955)	2	STHE	LC
Euprosthenops australis Simon, 1898	1	AE	LC
Euprosthenopsis lamorali Blandin, 1977	3	SAE	LC
Euprosthenopsis pulchella (Pocock, 1902)	2	STHE	LC
Nilus curtus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1876	1	AE	LC
Nilus massajae (Pavesi, 1883)	1	AE	LC
Perenethis symmetrica (Lawrence, 1927)	1	AE	LC
Rothus aethiopicus (Pavesi, 1883)	1	AE	LC
Rothus auratus Pocock, 1900	3	SAE	LC
Rothus vittatus Simon, 1898	3	SAE	LC
Tapinothelella laboriosa Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Voraptus affinis Lessert, 1925	3	SAE	DD
FAMILY PRODIDOMIDAE Simon, 1884
Austrodomus scaber (Purcell, 1904)	2	STHE	LC
Eleleis crinita Simon, 1893	6	SAE	DD
Eleleis leleupi Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020	6	SAE	DD
Prodidomus capensis Purcell, 1904	3	SAE	LC
Prodidomus purpurascens Purcell, 1904	4	SAE	LC
Purcelliana cederbergensis Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020	6	SAE	DD
Purcelliana problematica Cooke, 1964	5	SAE	DD
Theuma ababensis Tucker, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Theuma capensis Purcell, 1907	2	STHE	LC
Theuma cedri Purcell, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Theuma fusca Purcell, 1907	2	STHE	LC
Theuma maculata Purcell, 1907	2	STHE	LC
Theuma schreineri Purcell, 1907	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY PYCNOTHELIDAE Chamberlin, 1917
Pionothele straminea Purcell, 1902	5	SAE	VU
FAMILY SALTICIDAE Blackwall, 1841
Afraflacilla bipunctata (Peckham & Peckham, 1903)	5	SAE	DD
Baryphas ahenus Simon, 1902	1	AE	LC
Bianor albobimaculatus (Lucas, 1846)	0	C	LC
Brancus mustelus (Simon, 1902)	2	STHE	LC
Chinophrys trifasciata Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	5	SAE	Rare
Cyrba dotata Peckham & Peckham, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Cyrba nigrimana Simon, 1900	3	SAE	LC
Dendryphantes purcelli Peckham & Peckham, 1903	1	AE	LC
Euophrys cochlea Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	5	SAE	LC
Euophrys elizabethae Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	6	SAE	DD
Euophrys leipoldti Peckham & Peckham, 1903	4	SAE	LC
Euophrys menemerella Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Euophrys miranda Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	6	SAE	DD
Euophrys nana Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	6	SAE	DD
Euophrys purcelli Peckham & Peckham, 1903	4	SAE	LC
Euophrys recta Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	5	SAE	DD
Euophrys uphami (Peckham & Peckham, 1903)	6	SAE	DD
Evarcha annae (Peckham & Peckham, 1903)	3	SAE	LC
Evarcha denticulata Haddad & Wesołowska, 2013	4	SAE	LC
Evarcha karas Wesołowska, 2011	1	STHE	LC
Evarcha mirabilis Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009	3	SAE	LC
Evarcha prosimilis Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008	1	AE	LC
Evarcha striolata Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009	3	SAE	LC
Habrocestum africanum Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009	3	SAE	LC
Habrocestum albimanum Simon, 1901	5	SAE	LC
Habrocestum laurae Peckham & Peckham, 1903	4	SAE	DD
Habrocestum luculentum Peckham & Peckham, 1903	4	SAE	DD
Habrocestum sapiens (Peckham & Peckham, 1903)	2	STHE	LC
Harmochirus luculentus Simon, 1885	1	AE	LC
Heliophanus bellus Wesołowska, 1986	6	SAE	DD
Heliophanus bisulcus Wesołowska, 1986	2	STHE	LC
Heliophanus capensis Wesołowska, 1986	4	SAE	LC
Heliophanus capicola Simon, 1901	2	STHE	LC
Heliophanus charlesi Wesołowska, 2003	3	SAE	LC
Heliophanus claviger Simon, 1901	4	SAE	LC
Heliophanus debilis Simon, 1901	1	AE	LC
Heliophanus demonstrativus Wesołowska, 1986	1	AE	LC
Heliophanus fascinatus Wesołowska, 1986	1	AE	LC
Heliophanus hastatus Wesołowska, 1986	1	STHE	LC
Heliophanus horrifer Wesołowska, 1986	5	SAE	DD
Heliophanus insperatus Wesołowska, 1986	1	AE	LC
Heliophanus lesserti Wesołowska, 1986	1	AE	LC
Heliophanus mirabilis Wesołowska, 1986	5	SAE	DD
Heliophanus modicus Peckham & Peckham, 1903	1	AE	LC
Heliophanus nanus Wesołowska, 2003	2	STHE	LC
Heliophanus patellaris Simon, 1901	2	STHE	LC
Heliophanus peckhami Simon, 1902	5	SAE	LC
Heliophanus portentosus Wesołowska, 1986	6	SAE	DD
Heliophanus pratti Peckham & Peckham, 1903	2	STHE	LC
Heliophanus proszynskii Wesołowska, 2003	2	STHE	LC
Heliophanus trepidus Simon, 1910	2	STHE	LC
Homalattus obscurus Peckham & Peckham, 1903	6	SAE	DD
Hyllus argyrotoxus Simon, 1902	1	AE	LC
Hyllus brevitarsis Simon, 1902	1	AE	LC
Hyllus dotatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1903)	1	AE	LC
Hyllus treleaveni Peckham & Peckham, 1903	1	AE	LC
Icius dendryphantoides Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Kima africana Peckham & Peckham, 1902	2	STHE	LC
Kima variabilis Peckham & Peckham, 1903	3	SAE	LC
Langelurillus cedarbergensis Haddad & Wesołowska, 2013	6	SAE	DD
Langona bisecta Lawrence, 1927	2	STHE	LC
Langona hirsuta Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011	3	SAE	LC
Langona warchalowskii Wesołowska, 2007	2	STHE	LC
Massagris contortuplicata Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013	5	SAE	DD
Massagris honesta Wesołowska, 1960	4	SAE	LC
Massagris maculosa Wesołowska & Haddad, 2018	6	SAE	DD
Massagris mirifica Peckham & Peckham, 1903	3	SAE	LC
Massagris separata Wesołowska, 1960	6	SAE	DD
Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour, 1831)	0	C	LC
Menemerus lesnei Lessert, 1936	2	STHE	LC
Menemerus transvaalicus Wesołowska, 1999	2	STHE	LC
Mexcala elegans Peckham & Peckham, 1903	1	AE	LC
Mexcala rufa Peckham & Peckham, 1902	2	STHE	LC
Myrmarachne albosetosa Wanless, 1978	6	SAE	DD
Myrmarachne laurentina Bacelar, 1953	2	STHE	LC
Myrmarachne leleupi Wanless, 1978	3	SAE	LC
Myrmarachne marshalli Peckham & Peckham, 1903	1	AE	LC
Myrmarachne solitaria Peckham & Peckham, 1903	2	STHE	LC
Myrmarachne uvira Wanless, 1978	1	AE	LC
Natta chionogaster (Simon, 1901)	1	AE	LC
Natta horizontalis Karsch, 1879	1	AE	LC
Pellenes beani Peckham & Peckham, 1903	3	SAE	DD
Pellenes epularis (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)	0	C	LC
Pellenes geniculatus (Simon, 1868)	0	C	LC
Pellenes tharinae Wesołowska, 2006	2	STHE	LC
Phintella aequipes (Peckham & Peckham, 1903)	1	AE	LC
Phintella australis (Simon, 1902)	3	SAE	LC
Phlegra albostriata Simon, 1901	2	STHE	LC
Phlegra bresnieri (Lucas, 1846)	0	C	LC
Phlegra imperiosa Peckham & Peckham, 1903	3	SAE	LC
Pignus pongola Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009	2	STHE	LC
Portia schultzi Karsch, 1878	1	AE	LC
Psenuc dependens (Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011)	3	SAE	LC
Pseudicius africanus Peckham & Peckham, 1903	2	STHE	LC
Pseudicius femineus Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013	4	SAE	DD
Pseudicius flabellus Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013	5	SAE	DD
Pseudicius maculatus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011	2	STHE	LC
Pseudicius marshi (Peckham & Peckham, 1903)	4	SAE	LC
Pseudicius zebra Simon, 1902	6	SAE	DD
Rhene banksi Peckham & Peckham, 1902	4	SAE	DD
Rhene capensis Strand, 1909	5	SAE	DD
Rhene lingularis Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011	3	SAE	LC
Rhene timidus Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013	4	SAE	LC
Rumburak bellus Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	5	SAE	DD
Rumburak hilaris Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	4	SAE	LC
Rumburak lateripunctatus Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014	5	SAE	Rare
Sibianor victoriae Logunov, 2001	1	AE	LC
Tanzania minutus (Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000)	1	AE	LC
Tanzania striatus Wesołowska, Azarkina, Russell-Smith, 2014	5	SAE	Rare
Thyene australis Peckham & Peckham, 1903	1	AE	LC
Thyene bucculenta (Gerstäcker, 1873)	1	AE	LC
Thyene coccineovittata (Simon, 1885)	1	AE	LC
Thyene inflata (Gerstäcker, 1873)	1	AE	LC
Thyene leighi Peckham & Peckham, 1903	1	AE	LC
Thyene natalii Peckham & Peckham, 1903	1	AE	LC
Thyene ogdeni Peckham & Peckham, 1903	1	AE	LC
Thyene semiargentea (Simon, 1884)	1	AE	LC
Thyenula aurantiaca (Simon, 1902)	2	STHE	LC
Thyenula cheliceroides Wesołowska, Azarkina, Russell-Smith, 2014	3	SAE	LC
Thyenula juvenca Simon, 1902	3	SAE	LC
Thyenula leighi (Peckham & Peckham, 1903)	4	SAE	LC
Thyenula oranjensis Wesołowska, 2001	3	SAE	LC
Thyenula tenebrica Wesołowska, Azarkina, Russell-Smith, 2014	6	SAE	DD
Tusitala barbata Peckham & Peckham, 1902	1	AE	LC
Tusitala hirsuta Peckham & Peckham, 1902	1	AE	LC
Tusitala lyrata (Simon, 1903)	1	AE	LC
Viciria flavipes Peckham & Peckham, 1903	4	SAE	DD
Xuriella prima Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000	1	AE	LC
FAMILY SCYTODIDAE Blackwall, 1864
Scytodes caffra Purcell, 1904	3	SAE	LC
Scytodes cedri Purcell 1904	4	SAE	LC
Scytodes elizabethae Purcell, 1904	3	SAE	LC
Scytodes flagellata Purcell, 1904	3	SAE	LC
Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837	0	C	LC
Scytodes gooldi Purcell, 1904	5	SAE	VU
Scytodes leipoldti Purcell, 1904	4	SAE	DD
Scytodes montana Purcell, 1904	5	SAE	Rare
Scytodes silvatica Purcell, 1904	4	SAE	LC
Scytodes subulata Purcell, 1904	6	SAE	DD
Scytodes testudo Purcell, 1904	5	SAE	LC
Scytodes triangulifera Purcell, 1904	4	SAE	DD
FAMILY SEGESTRIIDAE Simon, 1893
Ariadna bilineata Purcell, 1904	3	SAE	LC
Ariadna capensis Purcell, 1904	5	SAE	DD
Ariadna dentigera Purcell, 1904	5	SAE	DD
Ariadna gryllotalpa (Purcell, 1904)	6	SAE	DD
Ariadna karrooica Purcell, 1904	3	SAE	LC
Ariadna lightfooti Purcell, 1904	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY SELENOPIDAE Simon, 1897
Anyphops amatolae (Lawrence, 1940)	6	SAE	DD
Anyphops atomarius (Simon, 1887)	4	SAE	LC
Anyphops barbertonensis (Lawrence, 1940)	1	AE	LC
Anyphops braunsi (Lawrence, 1940)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops broomi (Pocock, 1900)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops caledonicus (Lawrence, 1940)	5	SAE	DD
Anyphops capensis (Lawrence, 1940)	4	SAE	LC
Anyphops gilli (Lawrence, 1940)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops helenae (Lawrence, 1940)	6	SAE	DD
Anyphops hessei (Lawrence, 1940)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops immaculatus (Lawrence, 1940)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops kraussi (Pocock, 1898)	5	SAE	Rare
Anyphops lesserti (Lawrence, 1940)	5	SAE	DD
Anyphops maculosus (Lawrence, 1940)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops marshalli (Pocock, 1902)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops minor (Lawrence, 1940)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops montanus (Lawrence, 1940)	5	SAE	DD
Anyphops parvulus (Pocock, 1900)	4	SAE	DD
Anyphops purcelli (Lawrence, 1940)	4	SAE	DD
Anyphops regalis (Lawrence, 1940)	5	SAE	DD
Anyphops rubicundus (Lawrence, 1940)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops spenceri (Pocock, 1896)	3	SAE	LC
Anyphops stauntoni (Pocock, 1902)	1	AE	LC
Anyphops thornei (Lawrence, 1940)	5	SAE	DD
FAMILY SICARIIDAE Keyserling, 1880
Hexophthalma hahni (Karsch, 1878)	2	STHE	LC
Hexophthalma spatulata (Pocock, 1900)	4	SAE	LC
Loxosceles cederbergensis Lotz, 2017	5	SAE	DD
Loxosceles dejagerae Lotz, 2017	3	SAE	LC
Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820)	0	C	LC
Loxosceles spinulosa Purcell, 1904	4	SAE	LC
FAMILY SPARASSIDAE Bertkau, 1872
Eusparassus schoemanae Moradmand, 2013	2	STHE	LC
Olios correvoni nigrifrons Lawrence, 1928	1	AE	LC
Olios machadoi Lawrence, 1952	3	SAE	LC
Palystella pallida Lawrence, 1938	4	SAE	LC
Palystes castaneus (Latreille, 1819)	2	STHE	LC
Palystes karooensis Croeser, 1996	3	SAE	LC
Palystes kreuzmanni Jäger & Kunz, 2010	5	SAE	EN
Palystes leppanae Pocock, 1902	4	SAE	LC
Palystes martinfilmeri Croeser, 1996	5	SAE	Rare
Palystes perornatus Pocock, 1900	3	SAE	LC
Palystes stilleri Croeser, 1996	4	SAE	LC
Palystes stuarti Croeser, 1996	4	SAE	DD
Palystes superciliosus L. Koch, 1875	2	STHE	LC
Parapalystes lycosinus (Pocock, 1900)	4	SAE	LC
Pseudomicrommata longipes (Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895)	1	AE	LC
FAMILY STASIMOPIDAE Bond, Opatova & Hedin, 2020
Stasimopus artifex Pocock, 1902	5	SAE	DD
Stasimopus bimaculatus Purcell, 1903	3	SAE	LC
Stasimopus brevipalpis Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Stasimopus castaneus Purcell, 1903	6	SAE	DD
Stasimopus erythrognathus Purcell, 1903	6	SAE	DD
Stasimopus leipoldti Purcell, 1902	6	SAE	DD
Stasimopus maraisi Hewitt, 1914	4	SAE	DD
Stasimopus patersonae Hewitt, 1913	5	SAE	DD
Stasimopus purcelli Tucker, 1917	6	SAE	DD
Stasimopus quadratimaculatus Purcell, 1903	6	SAE	DD
Stasimopus schoenlandi Pocock, 1900	5	SAE	DD
Stasimopus schreineri Purcell, 1903	3	SAE	DD
FAMILY TELEMIDAE Fage, 1913
Cangoderces lewisi Harington, 1951	6	SAE	CR
FAMILY TETRAGNATHIDAE Menge, 1866
Diphya foordi Omelko, Marusik & Lyle, 2020	3	SAE	LC
Diphya simoni Kauri, 1950	3	SAE	LC
Leucauge argyrescens Benoit, 1978	1	AE	LC
Leucauge auronotum Strand, 1907	3	SAE	LC
Leucauge decorata (Blackwall, 1864)	0	C	LC
Leucauge festiva (Blackwall, 1866)	1	AE	LC
Leucauge fishoekensis Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Leucauge levanderi (Kulczynski, 1901)	1	AE	LC
Leucauge thomeensis Kraus, 1960	1	AE	LC
Metellina haddadi Marusik & Larsen, 2018	5	SAE	DD
Pachygnatha leleupi Lawrence, 1952	1	AE	LC
Pachygnatha zappa Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994	1	AE	LC
Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865	0	C	LC
Tetragnatha caffra (Strand, 1909)	6	SAE	DD
Tetragnatha ceylonica O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1869	0	C	LC
Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872	0	C	LC
Tetragnatha isidis (Simon, 1880)	0	C	LC
Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826)	0	C	LC
Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884	0	C	LC
FAMILY THERAPHOSIDAE Thorell, 1869
Harpactira atra (Latreille, 1832)	5	SAE	LC
Harpactira cafreriana (Walckenaer, 1837)	5	SAE	LC
Harpactira chrysogaster Pocock, 1897	5	SAE	LC
Harpactira dictator Purcell, 1902	5	SAE	LC
Harpactira marksi Purcell, 1902	5	SAE	LC
Harpactira namaquensis Purcell, 1902	4	SAE	LC
Harpactira tigrina Ausserer, 1875	4	SAE	LC
Harpactirella domicola Purcell, 1903	6	SAE	DD
Harpactirella helenae Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Harpactirella karrooica Purcell, 1902	5	SAE	DD
Harpactirella lightfooti Purcell, 1902	5	SAE	DD
Harpactirella longipes Purcell, 1902	5	SAE	DD
Harpactirella magna Purcell, 1903	5	SAE	DD
Harpactirella schwarzi Purcell, 1904	6	SAE	DD
Harpactirella treleaveni Purcell, 1902	5	SAE	DD
Idiothele nigrofulva (Pocock, 1898)	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY THERIDIIDAE Sundevall, 1833
Achaearanea globispira Henschel & Jocqué, 1994	4	SAE	DD
Anelosimus nelsoni Agnarsson, 2006	3	SAE	LC
Argyrodes convivans Lawrence, 1937	2	STHE	LC
Argyrodes zonatus (Walckenaer, 1841)	1	AE	LC
Chorizopella tragardhi Lawrence, 1947	3	SAE	LC
Enoplognatha inornata O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904	3	SAE	LC
Enoplognatha molesta O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904	3	SAE	LC
Episinus bilineatus Simon, 1894	2	STHE	LC
Episinus bishopi (Lessert, 1929)	1	AE	LC
Episinus marignaci (Lessert, 1933)	2	STHE	LC
Euryopis episinoides (Walckenaer, 1847)	0	C	LC
Euryopis funebris (Hentz, 1850)	0	C	LC
Latrodectus cinctus Blackwall, 1865	0	C	LC
Latrodectus geometricus C.L. Koch, 1841	0	C	LC
Latrodectus indistinctus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904	2	STHE	LC
Latrodectus pallidus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1872	0	C	LC
Latrodectus renivulvatus Dahl, 1902	1	AE	LC
Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C.L. Koch, 1841)	0	C	LC
Phoroncidia capensis (Simon, 1895)	6	SAE	DD
Phoroncidia truncatula (Strand, 1909)	6	SAE	DD
Phycosoma martinae (Roberts, 1983)	0	C	LC
Platnickina mneon (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)	0	C	LC
Rhomphaea nasica (Simon, 1873)	0	C	LC
Steatoda capensis Hann, 1990	0	C	LC
Steatoda connexa (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904)	6	SAE	DD
Steatoda erigoniformis (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)	0	C	LC
Steatoda fagei (Lawrence, 1964)	5	SAE	DD
Steatoda foravae Dippenaar-Schoeman & Müller, 1992	4	SAE	LC
Steatoda grossa (C.L. Koch, 1838)	1	C	LC
Theridion albidorsum Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Theridion bradyanum Strand, 1907	6	SAE	DD
Theridion delicatum O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904	4	SAE	LC
Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802)	0	C	LC
Theridion proximum Lawrence, 1964	6	SAE	DD
Theridion purcelli O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904	3	SAE	LC
Theridion retreatense Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Theridion vanhoeffeni Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Tidarren scenicum (Thorell, 1899)	1	AE	LC
FAMILY THOMISIDAE Sundevall, 1833
Ansiae tuckeri (Lessert, 1919)	1	AE	LC
Avelis hystriculus Simon, 1895	3	SAE	LC
Camaricus nigrotesselatus Simon, 1895	1	AE	LC
Diaea puncta Karsch, 1884	1	AE	LC
Diaea viridipes Strand, 1909	4	SAE	DD
Firmicus abnormis (Lessert, 1923)	3	SAE	LC
Firmicus bipunctatus Caporiacco, 1941	1	AE	LC
Geraesta congoensis (Lessert, 1943)	1	AE	LC
Heriaeus allenjonesi Van Niekerk & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2013	3	SAE	LC
Heriaeus crassispinus Lawrence, 1942	1	AE	LC
Heriaeus muizenberg Van Niekerk & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2013	6	SAE	CR
Heriaeus zanii Van Niekerk & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2013	3	SAE	LC
Hewittia gracilis Lessert, 1928	1	AE	LC
Holopelus albibarbis Simon, 1895	1	AE	LC
Holopelus almiae Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1986	4	SAE	LC
Misumenops rubrodecoratus Millot, 1942	1	AE	LC
Monaeses austrinus Simon, 1910	1	AE	LC
Monaeses fuscus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984	3	SAE	LC
Monaeses paradoxus Lucas, 1864	0	C	LC
Monaeses pustulosus Pavesi, 1895	1	AE	LC
Monaeses quadrituberculatus Lawrence, 1927	1	AE	LC
Mystaria lindaicapensis Lewis & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2014	4	SAE	VU
Mystaria variabilis (Lessert, 1919)	1	AE	LC
Oxytate argenteooculata (Simon, 1886)	1	AE	LC
Oxytate concolor (Caporiacco, 1947)	1	AE	LC
Oxytate leruthi (Lessert, 1943)	1	AE	LC
Oxytate ribes (Jézéquel, 1964)	1	AE	LC
Ozyptila caenosa Jézéquel, 1966	1	AE	LC
Pactactes compactus Lawrence, 1947	3	SAE	LC
Pactactes obesus Simon, 1895	1	AE	LC
Pactactes trimaculatus Simon, 1895	1	AE	LC
Parabomis martini Lessert, 1919	1	AE	LC
Parasmodix quadrituberculata Jézéquel, 1966	1	AE	LC
Phaenopoma nigropunctatum (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1883)	3	SAE	LC
Pherecydes nicolaasi Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1980	3	SAE	LC
Pherecydes tuberculatus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1883	2	STHE	LC
Phrynarachne melloleitaoi Lessert, 1933	2	STHE	LC
Phrynarachne rugosa (Latreille, 1804)	1	AE	LC
Runcinia aethiops (Simon, 1901)	1	AE	LC
Runcinia erythrina Jézéquel, 1964	1	AE	LC
Runcinia flavida (Simon, 1881)	0	C	LC
Runcinia grammica (L. Koch, 1937)	0	C	LC
Runcinia insecta (L. Koch, 1875)	0	C	LC
Runcinia johnstoni Lessert, 1919	1	AE	LC
Simorcus capensis Simon, 1895	1	AE	LC
Simorcus cotti Lessert, 1936	1	AE	LC
Simorcus haddadi Van Niekerk & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2010	5	SAE	NT
Stiphropus affinis Lessert, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Synema decens (Karsch, 1878)	2	STHE	LC
Synema imitatrix (Pavesi, 1883)	1	AE	LC
Synema langheldi Dahl, 1907	1	AE	LC
Synema mandibulare Dahl, 1907	2	AE	LC
Synema marlothi Dahl, 1907	2	STHE	LC
Synema nigrotibiale Lessert, 1919	1	AE	LC
Synema riflense Strand, 1909	3	SAE	LC
Synema simoneae Lessert, 1919	1	AE	LC
Synema vallotoni Lessert, 1923	2	STHE	LC
Thomisops bullatus Simon, 1895	2	STHE	LC
Thomisops melanopes Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1989	3	SAE	LC
Thomisops pupa Karsch, 1879	1	AE	LC
Thomisops senegalensis Millot, 1942	1	AE	LC
Thomisops sulcatus Simon, 1895	1	AE	LC
Thomisus australis Comellini, 1957	1	AE	LC
Thomisus blandus Karsch, 1880	1	AE	LC
Thomisus citrinellus Simon, 1875	0	C	LC
Thomisus dalmasi Lessert, 1919	1	AE	LC
Thomisus daradioides Simon, 1890	0	C	LC
Thomisus granulatus Karsch, 1880	1	AE	LC
Thomisus kalaharinus Lawrence, 1936	1	AE	LC
Thomisus machadoi Comellini, 1959	1	AE	LC
Thomisus scrupeus (Simon, 1886)	1	AE	LC
Thomisus stenningi Pocock, 1900	1	AE	LC
Tmarus africanus Lessert, 1919	1	AE	LC
Tmarus cameliformis Millot, 1942	1	AE	LC
Tmarus cancellatus Thorell, 1899	1	AE	LC
Tmarus comellinii Garcia-Neto, 1989	1	AE	LC
Tmarus foliatus Lessert, 1928	1	AE	LC
Tmarus natalensis Lessert, 1925	3	SAE	LC
Tmarus planetarius Simon, 1903	1	AE	LC
Xysticus havilandi Lawrence, 1942	3	SAE	LC
Xysticus lucifugus Lawrence, 1937	3	SAE	LC
Xysticus natalensis Lawrence, 1938	2	STHE	LC
Xysticus sagittifer Lawrence, 1927	2	STHE	LC
Xysticus simonstownensis Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Xysticus tugelanus Lawrence, 1942	2	STHE	LC
Xysticus urbensis Lawrence, 1952	2	STHE	LC
FAMILY TRACHELIDAE Simon, 1897
Afroceto africana (Simon, 1910)	2	STHE	LC
Afroceto bisulca Lyle & Haddad, 2010	6	SAE	DD
Afroceto capensis Lyle & Haddad, 2010	5	SAE	Rare
Afroceto corcula Lyle & Haddad, 2010	4	SAE	DD
Afroceto dippenaarae Lyle, 2015	6	SAE	DD
Afroceto martini (Simon, 1897)	2	STHE	LC
Afroceto plana Lyle & Haddad, 2010	1	AE	LC
Afroceto porrecta Lyle & Haddad, 2010	4	SAE	DD
Capobula capensis Haddad, Jin, Platnick & Booysen, 2021	5	SAE	LC
Capobula infima (Simon, 1896)	5	SAE	LC
Capobula montana Haddad, Jin, Platnick & Booysen, 2021	3	SAE	LC
Capobula neethlingi Haddad, Jin, Platnick & Booysen, 2021	5	SAE	LC
Fuchiba capensis Haddad & Lyle, 2008	4	SAE	LC
Fuchiba montana Haddad & Lyle, 2008	2	STHE	LC
Fuchiba venteri Haddad & Lyle, 2008	6	SAE	DD
Fuchibotulus bicornis Haddad & Lyle, 2008	5	SAE	VU
Jocquestus capensis Lyle & Haddad, 2018	5	SAE	DD
Jocquestus schenkeli (Lessert, 1923)	1	AE	LC
Poachelas montanus Haddad & Lyle, 2008	3	SAE	LC
Spinotrachelas capensis Haddad, 2006	5	SAE	LC
Spinotrachelas confinis Lyle, 2011	6	SAE	DD
Spinotrachelas similis Lyle, 2011	6	SAE	DD
Thysanina capensis Lyle & Haddad, 2006	4	SAE	LC
Thysanina transversa Lyle & Haddad, 2006	3	SAE	LC
Trachelas pusillus Lessert, 1923	1	AE	LC
Trachelas scopulifer Simon, 1896	3	SAE	DD
FAMILY TROCHANTERIIDAE Karsch, 1879
Platyoides costeri Tucker, 1923	5	SAE	DD
Platyoides leppanae Pocock, 1902	1	AE	LC
Platyoides pictus Pocock, 1902	4	SAE	DD
Platyoides pusillus Pocock, 1898	1	AE	LC
Platyoides quinquedentatus Purcell, 1907	5	SAE	DD
Platyoides rossi Platnick, 1985	6	SAE	DD
Platyoides walteri (Karsch, 1886)	1	AE	LC
FAMILY ULOBORIDAE Thorell, 1869
Hyptiotes akermani Wiehle, 1964	3	SAE	LC
Miagrammopes brevicaudus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1882	2	STHE	LC
Miagrammopes longicaudus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1882	2	STHE	LC
Philoponella angolensis (Lessert, 1933)	1	AE	LC
Uloborus planipedius Simon, 1896	3	SAE	LC
Uloborus plumipes Lucas, 1846	0	C	LC
Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806	0	C	LC
Zosis geniculata (Olivier, 1789)	1	C	LC
FAMILY ZODARIIDAE Thorell, 1881
Australutica normanlarseni Jocqué, 2008	5	SAE	DD
Caesetius globicoxis (Lawrence, 1942)	3	SAE	LC
Caesetius murinus Simon, 1893	4	SAE	LC
Caesetius schultzei Simon, 1910	4	SAE	LC
Caesetius spenceri (Pocock, 1900)	3	SAE	LC
Capheris decorata Simon, 1904	1	AE	LC
Chariobas cylindraceus Simon, 1893	1	AE	LC
Chariobas lineatus Pocock, 1900	4	SAE	LC
Chariobas mamillatus Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Chariobas navigator Strand, 1909	6	SAE	DD
Cicynethus peringueyi (Simon, 1893)	5	SAE	DD
Cyrioctea sawadee Jocqué, 2013	6	SAE	DD
Diores bifurcatus Tucker, 1920	5	SAE	LC
Diores bivattatus Simon, 1893	6	SAE	DD
Diores capensis Tucker, 1920	5	SAE	VU
Diores cognatus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904	6	SAE	DD
Diores decipiens Jocqué, 1990	6	SAE	DD
Diores dowsetti Jocqué, 1990	5	SAE	VU
Diores godfreyi Hewitt, 1919	6	SAE	DD
Diores leleupi Jocqué, 1990	5	SAE	Rare
Diores pauper Jocqué, 1990	3	SAE	LC
Diores poweri Tucker, 1920	2	STHE	LC
Diores setosus Tucker, 1920	5	SAE	Rare
Diores silvestris Jocqué, 1990	5	SAE	Rare
Diores youngai Jocqué, 1990	5	SAE	LC
Heradida extima Jocqué, 1987	4	SAE	LC
Heradida speculigera Jocqué, 1987	4	SAE	LC
Mallinus nitidiventris Simon, 1893	3	SAE	LC
Procydrela limacola Jocqué, 1999	5	SAE	DD
Procydrela precursor Jocqué, 1999	4	SAE	EN
Psammoduon arenicola (Simon, 1910)	5	SAE	VU
Psammoduon canosum (Simon, 1910)	2	STHE	LC
Rotundrela orbiculata Jocqué, 1999	5	SAE	Rare
Rotundrela rotunda Jocqué, 1999	5	SAE	EN
Systenoplacis fagei (Lawrence, 1936)	3	SAE	LC
Systenoplacis vandami (Hewitt, 1916)	3	SAE	LC
FAMILY ZOROPSIDAE Bertkau, 1882
Griswoldia acaenata (Griswold, 1991)	4	SAE	LC
Griswoldia meikleae (Griswold, 1991)	6	SAE	DD
Griswoldia robusta (Simon, 1898)	5	SAE	LC
Griswoldia sibyna (Griswold, 1991)	5	SAE	DD
Griswoldia urbensis (Lawrence, 1942)	4	SAE	LC
Phanotea cavata Griswold, 1994	4	SAE	LC
Phanotea ceratogyna Griswold, 1994	5	SAE	Rare
Phanotea digitata Griswold, 1994	5	SAE	LC
Phanotea knysna Griswold, 1994	5	SAE	DD
Phanotea lata Griswold, 1994	6	SAE	DD
Phanotea margarita Griswold, 1994	6	SAE	DD
Phanotea orestria Griswold, 1994	6	SAE	DD
Phanotea peringueyi Simon, 1896	5	SAE	Rare
Phanotea sathegyna Griswold, 1994	5	SAE	DD
Phanotea xhosa Griswold, 1994	4	SAE	LC