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Original Article

The taxonomic status of the hedgehog fungus Trichophyton erinacei

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Pages 103-114 | Published online: 09 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Twenty-seven isolates of Trichophyton erinacei were paired with 2 sets of tester strains of Arthroderma benhamiae and with an a mating type African isolate of A. benhamiae. None of the 27 T. erinacei isolates mated with the A tester strains. Out of 81 crosses between the T. erinacei isolates and the 3 a strains of A. benhamiae, 52 were fertile and 29 were sterile. In the sterile crosses the T. erinacei isolates were strongly stimulated by the a mating strains of A. benhamiae. All of the T. erinacei isolates were of the A mating type.

In Christensen's urea broth, 19 of the T. erinacei isolates hydrolyzed urea partially, 7 isolates hydrolyzed urea completely, and 1 isolate did not show any hydrolysis within 7 days. The 5 A. benhamiae cultures hydrolyzed urea completely, changing the broth medium from yellow to purple red. Out of 47 T. erinacei A mating type F1 monoascospore progeny, 15 showed partial hydrolysis, 22 exhibited complete hydrolysis, and 10 did not hydrolyze urea within 7 days. All of the 55 A. benhamiae (T. mentagrophytes) monoascospore progeny of the a mating type hydrolyzed urea rapidly within 7 days.

The ascus analysis of the F1 monoascospore progenies from 2 crosses (T. erinacei RV 28924A × A. benhamiae RV 25293a and T. erinacei RV 13595A × A. benhamiae RV 25293a) revealed a 1:1 segregation of mating types and phenotypes. All of the A monoascospore strains always resembled the T. erinacei parent in their phenotype, while the a mating type F1 strains were of the T. mentagrophytes phenotype. The results of back-crossing and sib-crossing suggested the presence of sterility factors that were associated with the T. erinacei phenotype. The T. erinacei progeny, produced in crosses between T. erinacei and A. benhamiae, typically were fertile with the parental A. benhamiae cultures, whereas the T. mentagrophytes (A. benhamiae) progeny were infertile with the parental T. erinacei cultures. The “erinacei” character vs. its allelic form “mentagrophytes” is considered to represent a naturally occurring colonial mutant that appears to be closely linked to the mating type. T. erinacei thus represents a natural morphological variant invariably associated with the A genotype of A. benhamiae and should be considered to be a genetic variety of T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei. Its correct designation is T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei.

Resumen

Se aparearon 27 cultivos (cepas) de Trichophyton erinacei con dos pares de cepas-testigo de Arthroderma benhamiae y con una cepa africana de A. benhamiae tipo a. Ninquna de las 27 cepas de T. erinacei reaccionó con las cepas testigo de tipo A. De los 81 apareamientos intentados cón las cepas de T. erinacei, frente a las 3 cepas de A. benhamiae tipo a, 52 fructificaron y 29 fueron estériles. Aùn en éstos las cepas de T. erinacei reaccionaron claramente al estimulo de las cepas de A. benhamiae tipo a. Evidentemente las 27 cepas de T. erinacei son de tipo A.

La prueba de ureasa, determinada en caldo de Christensen, mostró que 7 cepas de T. erinacei hidrolizaron la urea totalmente, 19 parcialmeate, y 1 cepa no mostró hidrólisis dentro de los 7 dias de observación. Las cinco cepas de A. benhamiae hidrolizaron la urea totalmente, tornando al caldo de Christensen de amarillo a rojo-púrpura. De 47 cepas monoascosporicas de T. erinacei A aisladas de la generación F1, 15 mostraron hidrólisis parcial, 22 mostraron hidrólisis total, y 10 fueron negativas al cabo de 7 días. Las 55 cepas monoascosporicas de A. benhamiae a (generación F1) hidrolizaron a la urea rápidamente dentro de los 7 días.

El análisis de las ascas de la progenie F1 de dos cruces (T. erinacei RV 28924A × A. benhamiae RV 25293a y T. erinacei RV 13595A × A. benhamiae RV 25293a) por medio de cultivos derivados de ascosporas individuales mostró una segregación de 1:1 en cuanto a tipo de apareamiento (mating type) y fenotipos. Todas las cepas monoascospóridas de tipo A tenian el fenotipo T. erinacei, las de tipo a evan del fenotipo T. mentagrophytes. Los resultados de los cruces retrógrados (back-crossing) y filiales (sibcrossing) suqirieron la existencia de factores de esterilidad asociados al fenotypo T. erinacei. La progenie T. erinacei obtenida de cruces entre T. erinacei y A. benhamiae, siquió el patrón de fertilidad con padres A. benhamiae, mientras que la progenie T. erinacei (A. benhamiae no mostró fertilidad con los padres T. erinacei. La caracteristica “erinacei” vis a vis car su alelomorfo “mentagrophytes” representa una mutación espontánea colonial ligada fuertementse al tipo de apareamicuto “mating type”. El T. erinacei representa una variación morfológica espontánea invariablemente asociada al genotipo A de A. benhamiae y debe considerársele como una variante genética del T. mentagrophytes. Su nombre correcto es T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei.

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