Covered self-expandable metallic stent versus plastic stent for preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with pancreatic cancer: a multi-center retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background

Expanding indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for resectable pancreatic cancer prolong the period from diagnosis to surgery. In resectable pancreatic cancer with malignant biliary obstruction (MBO), the biliary drainage method without any biliary events is ideally required to safely perform NAC as planned. Plastic stents (PS) have been traditionally used for preoperative biliary drainage; however, recently, covered self-expandable metallic stents (CSEMS) have emerged as a tool for preoperative biliary drainage.

Aims

To compare CSEMS with PS for preoperative biliary drainage in the management of resectable pancreatic cancer with MBO.

Methods

In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we compared CSEMS with PS for preoperative biliary drainage in patients with pancreatic cancer at three tertiary care centers between 2008 and 2019.

Results

Of the 120 enrolled patients, 45 underwent CSEMS and 75 underwent PS. No significant difference was observed in the basic characteristics between the groups. The rate of recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) was significantly lower and the time to RBO was significantly longer in the CSEMS group. In multivariate analysis, CSEMS was an independent factor for a longer RBO. However, pancreatitis and cholecystitis were more common in the CSEMS group. The surgery-related adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups, except for longer surgery time and time to discharge in the CSEMS group.

Conclusions

CSEMS for preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with pancreatic cancer reduced RBO, although the risk for pancreatitis or cholecystitis could be increased.

Keywords:

• Preoperative biliary drainage
• malignant biliary obstruction
• EUS-FNA
• neoadjuvant

Acknowledgments

The authors express our sincere gratitude to everyone who was related to this study.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study protocol followed the guidelines of STROBE. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by Ethical Committee of Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Ethical Committee of Gifu Municipal Hospital, and Ethical Committee of Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center. The consent for participation of patients in this study was obtained through an opt-out methodology.

Disclosure statement

Hironao Ichikawa, Takuji Iwashita, Yuhei Iwasa, Shinya Uemura, Ryuuichi Tezuka, Mitsuru Okuno, Tsuyoshi Mukai, Kensaku Yoshida, Akinori Maruta, Keisuke Iwata, Katsutoshi Murase, Shinji Osada, Masahiko Kawai, Ichiro Yasuda, and Masahito Shimizu do not have any competing interests needed to be declared.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.