Efficacy and safety of ligation-assisted endoscopic submucosal resection combined with endoscopic ultrasonography for treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Abstract

Objective

Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (R-NETs) usually invade the submucosa, and so complete resection is difficult. The treatment of choice for R-NETs ≤10 mm in size is endoscopic resection, but there is still controversy concerning the best endoscopic method. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ligation-assisted endoscopic submucosal resection combined with endoscopic ultrasonography (ESMR-LUS) for treatment of R-NETs.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 101 patients with R-NETs ≤10 mm in size who underwent ESMR-LUS (n = 48) or conventional ligation-assisted endoscopic submucosal resection (ESMR-L; n = 53) between May 2019 and September 2021 at the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force. Complete resection rate, pathological complete resection rate, procedure time, and adverse events were compared between the two groups of patients.

Results

The endoscopic complete resection rate was slightly higher in the ESMR-LUS group than in the ESMR-L group (100 vs. 96.2%, p = .496). The pathological complete resection rate was also slightly higher in the ESMR-LUS group (97.9 vs. 88.7%, p = .152), these findings, though statistically non-significant, have practical clinical significance. Margin involvement was less common in ESMR-LUS patients than in ESMR-L patients (1 vs. 6). Involvement of the lateral resection margin was found one patient in the ESMR-LUS group versus two patients in the ESMR-L group, and deep resection margin involvement in no patient in the ESMR-LUS group versus four patients in the ESMR-L group. Mean procedure time was longer in the ESMR-LUS group than in the ESMR-L group (11.08 ± 1.89 min vs. 9.38 ± 2.09 min, p = .061). Immediate bleeding occurred in two patients in the ESMR-LUS group vs. seven patients in the ESMR-L group. Two patients in the ESMR-L group also suffered perforation; both patients were successfully treated by endoscopy.

Conclusions

ESMR-LUS appears to be a safe and effective technique for removal of small rectal NETs confined to the submucosal layer without metastasis. Further studies are warranted to compare the efficacy and safety of different methods.

Keywords:

• Rectal neuroendocrine tumors
• ESMR-LUS
• endoscopic ultrasonography

Acknowledgement

Authors thank the physicians and staff of the endoscopy center of the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force for their cooperation.

Author contributions

Dazhou Li and Jiao Xie contributed to the work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by Foreign Cooperation Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Fujian Province [2019I0026]; National Key Research & Development Program of China [2017YFC0908302].