107
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Localization of feeding of Anomalococcus indicus (Hemiptera: Lecanodiaspididae) and supplementary biological notes: towards the biological management of the invasive tree Vachellia nilotica indica (Fabales: Mimosoideae) in North-Eastern Australia

Localisation et alimentation d’Anomalococcus indicus (Hemiptera : Lecanodiaspididae) et notes biologiques suppémentaires: vers un contrôle biologique de l’arbre invasif Vachellia nilotica indica (Fabales : Mimosoideae) au nord-est de l’Australie

, , &
Pages 476-492 | Accepted 08 Feb 2014, Published online: 09 Apr 2014
 

Abstract

Summary. Management of the invasive Vachellia nilotica indica infesting tropical grasslands of Northern Australia has remained unsuccessful to date. Presently Anomalococcus indicus is considered a potential agent in the biological management of V. n. indica. Whereas generic biological details of A. indicus have been known, their feeding activity and details of their mouthparts and the sensory structures that are associated with their feeding action are not known. This paper provides details of those gaps. Nymphal instars I and II feed on cortical-parenchyma cells of young stems of V. n. indica, whereas nymphal instars III and adult females feed on phloem elements of older shoots. Nymphal instars and adults (females) trigger stress symptoms in the feeding tissue with cells bearing enlarged and disfigured nuclei, cytoplasmic shrinkage, cytoplasmic trabeculae, abnormal protuberances and uneven cell wall thickening, unusual cell membrane proliferation, and exhausted and necrosed cells. Continuous nutrient extraction by A. indicus can cause stem death. We provide evidence that A. indicus, by virtue of its continuous feeding activity and intense population build up, can be an effective biological-management agent to regulate populations of V. n. indica in infested areas.

Résumé

La gestion de Vachellia nilotica indica, une espèce invasive des prairies tropicales du nord de l’Australie, est restée infructueuse jusqu’à présent. Actuellement Anomalococcus indicus est considéré comme un agent potentiel de contrôle biologique de V. n. indica. Bien que la biologie d’A.indicus soit connue, son activité nutritionnelle ainsi que la description des pièces buccales et des structures sensorielles associées à cette activité nutritionnelle ne sont pas décrits. L’objectif de cet article est de compléter ces lacunes. Les stades nymphaux I et II se nourrissent des cellules du parenchyme cortical des jeunes tiges de V. n. indica, alors que les stades nymphaux III et les femelles adultes se nourrissent des éléments du phloème des pousses plus âgées. Les stades nymphe et adulte (femelles) déclenchent des symptômes de stress dans les tissus nourriciers, accompagnés de l’élargissement des cellules, la déformation des noyaux, la formation de rétrécissements et de trabécules cytoplasmiques, l’apparition de protubérances anormales et d’épaississements pariétaux irréguliers, une prolifération inhabituelle des membranes cellulaires, des cellules dégénératives et nécrosés. L’extraction continue de nutriments par A. indicus peut causer la mort de la tige. Nous fournissons des preuves que, l’activité alimentaire continue et l’importante capacité de prolifération d’A. indicus en font un agent de lutte biologique efficace pour réguler les populations de V. n. indica dans les régions infestées.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Paris Lambdin (Entomology & Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA) for his helpful and insightful remarks. We thank Anamika Sharma (Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia) for help with statistical analyses, Margot Moulin (University of Lorraine, Nancy, France) for verifying the French version of the abstract. Anwar Khan thanks AusAID (Canberra, Australia) for supporting this study and Patrick Trimby and Naveena Gokoolparsadh of the Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia for help with electron microscopy. A Raman thanks the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Government of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia) for part support of this project.

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 61.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 189.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.