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Original Articles

Phylogeny and systematics of the Acrapex apicestriata (Bethune-Baker, 1911) species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini, Sesamiina) with the description of eight new species from the Afrotropics

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Pages 106-130 | Accepted 12 Apr 2017, Published online: 19 May 2017
 

Summary

Twelve morphologically similar species of Acrapex Hampson 1894, (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini, Sesamiina), from Western, Central and Eastern Africa are reviewed. Eight of these species are new to science and are described: Acrapex akunamatata n. sp. and A. incrassata n. sp. from Kenya; A. gracilis n. sp., A. iringa n. sp., A. lukumbura n. sp. and A. rungwe n. sp. from Tanzania; A. soyema n. sp. from Ethiopia; and A. zoutoi n. sp. from Benin. All 12 species belong to a species complex that we hereby define as the Acrapex apicestriata group. Host-plants for three of the new species are recorded: Setaria incrassata (Hochst.) Hack. for Acrapex incrassata; Cymbopogon pospishilii (K. Schum.) C.E. Hubb. for A. rungwe; and Andropogon perligulatus Stapf. for A. zoutoi. We also conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses (using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) on a six gene multimarker molecular dataset (four mitochondrial and two nuclear gene fragments; 4581 nucleotides in length) consisting of 15 Acrapex species (including seven species from the apicestriata group) and four outgroups species from the subtribe Sesamiina (from genera Busseola Thurau 1904, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden 1953, Pirateolea Moyal, Le Ru, Conlong, Cugala, Defabachew, Matama-Kauma, Pallangyo & Van den Berg 2010 and Sesamia Boisduval & Guenée 1852). Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses yield a similar and well-supported topology, which supports the monophyly of the apicestriata group.

Résumé

Phylogénie moléculaire et systématique du groupe d’espèces Acrapex apicestriata (Bethune-Baker, 1911) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Apameini, Sesamiina), avec la description de huit nouvelles espèces de la région afrotropicale Cette étude porte sur la révision de douze espèces du genre Acrapex Hampson 1894, (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini) distribuées en Afrique de l’Ouest, Centrale et de l’Est. Huit espèces sont décrites : Acrapex akunamatata n. sp. et A. incrassata n. sp. du Kenya ; A. gracilis n. sp., A. iringa n. sp., A. lukumbura n. sp. et A. rungwe n. sp. de Tanzanie ; A. soyema n. sp. d’Éthiopie ; et A. zoutoi n. sp. du Bénin. Les 12 espèces appartiennent à un complexe d’espèces que nous définissons comme le groupe Acrapex apicestriata. Les plantes-hôtes de trois espèces sont répertoriées : Acrapex incrassata a été élevé sur Setaria incrassata (Hochst.) Hack. ; A. rungwe sur Cymbopogon pospishilii (K. Schum.) C.E. Hubb. ; et A. zoutoi sur Andropogon perligulatus Stapf. Des analyses de reconstruction phylogénétique (utilisant à la fois l’inférence bayésienne et le maximum de vraisemblance) ont été également conduites sur un jeu de données moléculaire multi-marqueurs (quatre gènes mitochondriaux et deux gènes nucléaires ; 4582 nucléotides) comprenant 15 espèces d’Acrapex (incluant sept espèces du groupe apicestriata) et des espèces de quatre groupes-frères de la sous-tribu des Sesamiina (appartenant aux genres Busseola Thurau 1904, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden 1953, Pirateolea Moyal, Le Ru, Conlong, Cugala, Defabachew, Matama-Kauma, Pallangyo & Van den Berg 2010, et Sesamia Boisduval & Guenée 1852). Les résultats de ces analyses soutiennent à la fois l’hypothèse de monophylie du groupe et le statut d’espèces des taxa nouvellement décrits.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C788DD18-7220-4381-804C-8006764F443D

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the editor-in-chief Brigitte Frérot and the associate editor Antoine Mantilleri for their handling of the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive remarks and comments. We thank the curators of BMNH (A. Zilli) and MCSN (F. Rigato) for the permission to study and photograph the types. Laboratory facilities were provided by icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health (Kenya) and the UMR EGCE (formerly laboratory Evolution Génomes Spéciation) in Gif/Yvette (France). The authors also thank Alexandre Dehne Garcia for his help on the CBGP HPC computational facility. All specimens were collected under appropriate collection permits from the four countries recorded and no conflicts of interest were discovered.

Supplemental data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

Financial support was provided by the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, by icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health (Kenya) and by the program “Bibliothèque du Vivant” (Project Noctuid Stem Borer Biodiversity; NSBB) supported by a joint CNRS, INRA and MNHN consortium. This study is also a part of the project IMPACT_PHYTO funded by the Plant Health and Environment Division of the INRA.

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