Review of the subtribe Erwinlindneriina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae: Sarcophagini)

Summary

Short diagnoses are given of the almost endemic Afrotropical subtribe Erwinlindneriina [Beziella kadeisi (Salem 1938), known from the Middle East, is an exception], with the genera Beziella Enderlein (17 species; subgenera Bantumyia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen., Batissophalla Rohdendorf, Beziella s. str., Bilenemyia Verves, Brasia Strand, Callostuckenbergia Lehrer & Lehrer, Draculana Lehrer, Malawithyrsia Lehrer, and Palaeobrasia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen.) and Erwinlindneria Rohdendorf (14 species; subgenera Erwinlindneria s. str., Fanzidella Lehrer, Mitumbana Lehrer, Sarconimba Lehrer, Wittemyia Lehrer, Zumptisca Rohdendorf). Two new subgenera are described: Bantumyia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen. [includes type species Beziella (B.) erecta and B. (B.) galaniella] and Palaeobrasia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen. [includes type species B. (P.) kadeisi], as well as one new species, Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) gashaka Verves & Khrokalo, n. sp.. One new species synonym [Fanzidella erzulia Lehrer, 2013, n. syn. of Erwinlindneria (Fanzidella) furcadorsalis (Rohdendorf, 1931)] and two new generic synonyms (Rossikenya Lehrer, 2009, n. syn. of Zumptisca Rohdendorf, 1963, and Nguyenia Lehrer, 2003, n. syn. of Malawithyrsia Lehrer, 1994) are proposed. Seven new combinations are proposed: Beziella (Bilenemyia) limpopoensis (Zumpt 1956), n. comb., B. (Callostuckenbergia) beninella (Lehrer, 2003), n. comb., B. (C.) limela (Lehrer & Lehrer, 1992), n. comb., B. (C.) rageaui (Rickenbach, 1966), n. comb., B. (Draculana) momba (Curran, 1934), n. comb., B. (Malawithyrsia) bulamatadi (Curran, 1934), n. comb., and B. (Malawithyrsia) oharai (Lehrer, 1994), n. comb.

Résumé

Révision de la sous-tribu des Erwinlindneriina (Diptera : Sarcophagidae : Sarcophaginae : Sarcophagini). De courtes diagnoses de la sous-tribu des Erwinlindneriina, presque entièrement afrotropicale [Beziellakadeisi (Salem, 1938), du Moyen-Orrient, étant une exception], et de ses genres Beziella Enderlein (17 espèce ; sous-genres Bantumyia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen., Batissophalla Rohdendorf, Beziella s. str., Bilenemyia Verves, Brasia Strand, Callostuckenbergia Lehrer & Lehrer, Draculana Lehrer, Malawithyrsia Lehrer, et Palaeobrasia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen.) et Erwinlindneria Rohdendorf (14 espèces ; sous-genres Erwinlindneria s. str., Fanzidella Lehrer, Mitumbana Lehrer, Sarconimba Lehrer, Wittemyia Lehrer, Zumptisca Rohdendorf), sont données. Deux nouveaux sous-genres, Bantumyia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen. [incluant l'espèce-type Beziella (B.) erecta et B. (B.) galaniella] et Palaeobrasia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen. [incluant l'espèce-type B. (P.) kadeisi], et une nouvelle espèce, Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) gashaka Verves & Khrokalo, n. sp., sont décrits. Un nouveau synonyme du groupe-espèce [Fanzidella erzulia Lehrer, 2013, n. syn. d'Erwinlindneria (Fanzidella) furcadorsalis (Rohdendorf, 1931)] et deux nouvelles synonymies génériques (Rossikenya Lehrer, 2009, n. syn. de Zumptisca Rohdendorf, 1963, et Nguyenia Lehrer, 2003, n. syn. de Malawithyrsia Lehrer, 1994), sont proposées. Sept nouvelles combinaisons sont établies : Beziella (Bilenemyia) limpopoensis (Zumpt, 1956), n. comb., B. (Callostuckenbergia) beninella (Lehrer, 2003), n. comb., B. (C.) limela (Lehrer & Lehrer, 1992), n. comb., B. (C.) rageaui (Rickenbach, 1966), n. comb., B. (Draculana) momba (Curran, 1934), n. comb., B. (Malawithyrsia) bulamatadi (Curran, 1934), n. comb., et B. (Malawithyrsia) oharai (Lehrer, 1994), n. comb.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B5FD0035-F667-474F-BCFF-06733762002D.

Keywords:

• Flesh flies
• taxonomy
• morphology
• Afrotropical Region
• new subgenera
• faunistics
• new synonyms
• new combinations

Our knowledge about the subfamily Sarcophaginae in the Afrotropics is still very superficial. Fritz Konrad Ernst Zumpt (1908–1985) did some pioneering work, which was followed up by Andy Z. Lehrer (1930–2014). The Afrotropical region may be the most superficially studied of the biogeographic regions in terms of the tribe Sarcophagini. The subtribe Erwinlindneriina was erected by Rohdendorf (1967) and later studied in more detail by Verves (1989a,b). Lehrer (2000a, 2002a,b, 2003a,b, 2005, 2009b,c, 2013) and Lehrer & Lehrer (1992) described several genera and species, which we attribute to this subtribe (see discussion below). The subtribe includes two genera with several subgenera and 31 species, almost exclusively distributed in the Afrotropical Region; one species, Beziella (Palaeobrasia) kadeisi (Salem, 1938), is known from the Palaearctic Region (Sinai Peninsula) (Salem 1938, 1940; Verves 2001).

Materials and methods

This paper is based on the study of recently collected material housed at the Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague (CULSP) and on analysis of published data.

Taxonomic conceptions used in the present study follow Rohdendorf (1967) and Verves (1989a, 1989b). Morphological terminology follows Cumming & Wood (2017), with several modifications of the terminology of genital sclerites proposed by Povolný & Verves (1997) and Verves & Khrokalo (2006). The published uses of the names are listed chronologically with synonyms at the end.

New country records are marked with an asterisk (*).

Abbreviations of morphological structures used in the text are as follows: acr, acrostichal setae; dc, dorsocentral setae; dm-cu, discal medial-cubital crossvein; ds, discal setae; f₂, mid femur; f₃, hind femur; fr, frontal setae; ial, intra-alar setae; M, medial vein; marg, marginal setae; mm, median marginal setae; oc, ocellar setae; orb, orbital setae; pdc, postsutural dorsocentral setae; ps, posterior setae; pvs, postvertical setae; R₁, 1st radial vein; R₄₊₅, branch of radius; r₄₊₅, distal 5th radial cell; S₄, 4th abdominal sternite; S₅, 5th abdominal sternite; T₁₊₂, syntergite; T₃, 3rd abdominal tergite; T₄, 4th abdominal tergite; T₅, 5th abdominal tergite; vi, vibrissa.

Reliable identification of the species of the subtribe Erwinlindneriina is possible only using features of the male genitalia; therefore, all keys presented herein do not contain any data on females. The male holotype of Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) gashaka Verves & Khrokalo, n. sp. was relaxed in a humidifier, and the terminalia were detached from the abdomen using manicure scissors and fine insect pins. The dissected terminalia were submerged into 10% KOH solution for 24 h, rinsed with distilled water and placed in glycerine for further examinations under a Leica S8APO stereomicroscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Line drawings of the terminal structures were produced with CorelDraw Graphics Suite 2019 (https://www.coreldraw.com/). The dissected terminalia are preserved in glycerine in a microvial pinned under the specimen.

Results

Subtribe Erwinlindneriina Rohdendorf, 1967

Erwinlindneriina Rohdendorf 1967: 57. Type genus: Erwinlindneria Rohdendorf, 1963. Verves 1989a: 33 (in key), 35 (review); Verves 1989b: 538 (in key).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of small, medium, or large size (5.0–16.0 mm), with chequered pattern on abdomen. Proclinate orb in male absent; first flagellomere 1.5–4.0× as long as pedicel, arista long plumose; acr 0 + 1; dc 3–5, only 2–3 strong postsutural setae; f₂ and f₃ with numerous long ps and pvs; r₄₊₅ open, occasionally closed at wing margin. Lateral styli elongate, thin or of medium width; parastyli as a rule present; juxta bilobed, both lobes with more or less developed dorsal hooks directed basally; juxtal lateral arms more or less visible, narrow or widened, leaf-like; ventralia wide, often with elongate apical arms (processes); vesica stick- or bristle-like, sometimes almost invisible laterally.

Genus Beziella Enderlein, 1937

Beziella Enderlein 1937: 29. Type species: Beziella voeltzkowi Enderlein, 1937, by original designation. Verves 1989a: 33 (in key), 36 (review); Lehrer 2002a: 54 (in key); Lehrer 2003b: 40 (in key), 83 (review); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 109 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Sarcophaga (Bezziella); Dear 1980: 812 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Beziella).

Sarcophaga (Beziella); Pape 1996: 308 (catalogue).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium to large size (6.5–16.0 mm). First flagellomere 1.5–3.5 ×  as long as pedicel; propleuron setose, sometimes bare; R₁ bare or setose at base; T₃ often with mm. Cerci claw-like, almost straight, smoothly curved ventrally.

Subgenus Bantumyia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen.

Type species

Sarcophaga erecta Engel, 1925.

Etymology

The generic name consists of two parts: “Bantu”, Latinized name of an indigenous people of central and southern Africa who speaks a Bantu language, and “myia”, meaning “fly” in Greek.

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium to large size (7.0–12.0 mm). First flagellomere 1.5–2.0 ×  as long as pedicel; propleuron and R₁ bare; pdc 4–5; T₃ with strong mm. ♂: Lateral styli straight, stick-like, rounded apically, reaching far beyond the juxta, distinctly curved ventrally.

Beziella (Bantumyia) erecta (Engel, 1925), n. comb. (Figure 1)

Figures 1–4. Genitalia. 1, Beziella (Bantumyia) erecta (Engel, 1925): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer, 2003b, p. 84, fig. 27). 2, Beziella (Bantumyia) galaniella (Lehrer, 2009): A, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; B, cerci and surstyli, dorsal view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2009a, p. 3, fig. 2). 3, Beziella (Batissophalla) batissa (Curran, 1934): A, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2009a, p. 115, fig. 57). 4, Beziella (s. str.) batissoides (Zumpt, 1972): A, postabdomen, lateral view; B, cerci, dorsal view (after Zumpt 1972, p. 123, fig. 64).

Sarcophaga erecta Engel 1925: 335. Type locality: Republic of South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Willowmore. Holotype (♂) deposited in Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany. Zumpt 1951: 174 (♂, redescription and faunistics); Arnaud & Owen 1981: 186 (history of study).

Sarcophaga (Stygiophalla) erecta; Zumpt 1972: 124 (♂, redescription and faunistics).

Sarcophaga (Bezziella) erecta; Dear 1980: 812 (catalogue).

Sarcophaga (Beziella) erecta; Pape 1996: 308 (catalogue).

Beziella erecta; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list); Lehrer 2003b: 84 (♂, genitalia drawings and faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 27 (♂, redescription and faunistics).

Beziella (s. str.) erecta; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 109 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Sarcophaga voeltzkovi; Zumpt 1972: 124 [misidentification: not Sarcophaga voeltzkowi Enderlein, 1937].

Material examined

Central African Republic. 70 km NNE Bangui, 443 m, 4°57′N, 18°46′E, 24–28.XI.2010, J. Halada, 1♂ (CULSP); 60 km W Bouar, 660 m, 5°45ʹN, 15°13ʹE, 23.III.2010, J. Halada, 1♂ (CULSP).

Distribution

Botswana (Zumpt 1972); Central African Republic*; Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lehrer 2003b); Lesotho (Zumpt 1972); Republic of South Africa: Eastern Cape (Engel 1925), Gauteng (Zumpt 1972), KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Cape, Western Cape (Lehrer 2003b).

Habits

This species has been collected in mountains at altitudes up to 1800 m, on grassveld near a stream (Lehrer 2003b).

Beziella (Bantumyia) galaniella (Lehrer, 2009), n. comb. (Figure 2)

Batissophalla galaniella Lehrer 2009a: 3. Type locality: Kenya, Country Life Lodge Naro Moru, 6300’. Holotype (♂) deposited in California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Beziella (Batissophalla) galaniella; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 109 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Kenya (Lehrer, 2009a).

Habits

Unknown.

Key to species of the subgenus Bantumyia

1.	Pregonites distinctly longer than postgonites (Figure 1D, E); juxta almost straight (Figure 1C). Size 9.0–12.0 mm………………Beziella (Bantumyia) erecta – Pregonites as long as postgonites (Figure 2D, E); juxta distinctly curved dorsally (Figure 2C). Size 7.0 mm …………………B. (B.) galaniella

Subgenus Batissophalla Rohdendorf, 1963

Batissophalla Rohdendorf 1963: 2 (in key), 6 (description). Type species: Sarcophaga batissa Curran, 1934, by original designation. Lehrer 2003b: 32 (in key), 65 (review).

Beziella (Batissophalla); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 109 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium size (10.5–12.5 mm). First flagellomere 2.0 × as long as pedicel; propleuron and R₁ bare; dc 2 + 3; T₃ without mm. ♂: Lateral styli knee-like, narrowed and pointed apically; ventral appendages elongate, filiform, almost reaching to the end of styli, with small elongate apical thickening; vesica indistinct.

Beziella (Batissophalla) batissa (Curran, 1934) (Figure 3)

Sarcophaga batissa Curran 1934: 6. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kisangani [“Stanleyville”], 25°10′E, 0°30′N. Holotype (♂) deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. Zumpt 1951: 176 (faunistics); Arnaud & Owen 1981: 186 (history of knowledge).

Sarcophaga (Curranea) batissa; Zumpt 1972: 43, 56 (in key), 115 (redescription of ♂ and faunistics); Dear 1980: 812 (catalogue).

Batissophalla batissa; Rohdendorf 1963: 6 (in list); Lehrer 2003b: 32 (in key), 65 (♂ holotype revised); Lehrer 2010: 20 (♂ genitalia drawings).

Beziella (Afrosarcophaga) batissa; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Batissophalla) batissa; Pape 1996: 299 (catalogue).

Beziella (Batissophalla) batissa; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 109 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Democratic Republic of the Congo (Curran, 1934).

Remarks

This species has been taken from a Bembix sp. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) (Curran 1934).

Subgenus Beziella Enderlein, 1937

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium to large size (7.0–13.0 mm). First flagellomere 1.5–2.0 × as long as pedicel; propleuron and R₁ bare; pdc 3–5; T₃ with strong mm. ♂: Lateral styli stick-like, significantly longer than juxta, not narrowed apically; ventralia short and wide, without appendages; vesica indistinct.

Beziella (s. str.) batissoides (Zumpt, 1972) (Figure 4)

Sarcophaga (Stygiophalla) batissoides Zumpt 1972: 48, 57 (in key), 122. Type locality: Nigeria, Maiduguri. Holotype (♂) deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.

Sarcophaga (Beziella) batissoides; Dear 1980: 812 (catalogue); Pape 1996: 308 (catalogue).

Beziella batissoides; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list); Lehrer 2003b: 83 (faunistics).

Beziella (s. str.) batissoides; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 109 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Nigeria (Zumpt 1972).

Habits

Unknown.

Beziella (s. str.) vicaria (Curran, 1934) (Figure 5)

Figures 5–8. Genitalia. 5, Beziella (s. str.) vicaria (Curran, 1934): A, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2009a, p. 88, fig. 28). 6, Beziella (s. str.) voeltzkowi (Enderlein, 1937): A, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2009a, p. 3, fig. 2). 7, Beziella (Bilenemyia) limpopoensis (Zumpt, 1956): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 84, fig. 27). 8, Beziella (Brasia) booersiana (Engel, 1925): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 130, fig. 45).

Sarcophaga vicaria Curran 1934: 9. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kisangani [“Stanleyville”], 25°10′E, 0°30′N. Holotype (♂) deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. Arnaud & Owen 1981: 188 (history of knowledge); Zumpt 1951: 174 (♂ redescription and faunistics).

Stygiophalla vicaria; Rohdendorf 1963: 11 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Stygiophalla) vicaria; Zumpt 1972: 48, 57 (in key), 125 (♂ redescription and faunistics).

Sarcophaga (Bezziella) vicaria; Dear 1980: 812 (catalogue).

Sarcophaga (Beziella) vicaria; Pape 1996: 309 (catalogue).

Beziella vicaria; Verves 1989a: 33 (in key), 36 (in list); Lehrer 2003b: 86 (♂ holotype revised); Lehrer 2010: 28 (faunistics; ♂ genitalia figured).

Distribution

Cameroon (Pape, 1996); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Curran, 1934); Ivory Coast (Pape, 1996).

Habits

Unknown.

Beziella (s. str.) voeltzkowi (Enderlein, 1937) (Figure 6)

Sarcophaga voeltzkowi Enderlein 1937: 29. Type locality: Tanzania, West Pumba, Fundu Is. Lectotype (♂) [designated by Pape (1995: 25)] deposited in Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany. Zumpt 1951: 174 (♂ redescription and faunistics).

Sarcophaga (Beziella) voeltskovi; Zumpt 1953: 16 [erroneous subsequent spelling of voeltzkowi Enderlein, 1937].

Sarcophaga (Beziella) voeltzkovi; Dear 1980: 812 [erroneous subsequent spelling of voeltzkowi Enderlein, 1937].

Beziella erecta; Pape 1995: 25 [misidentification: not Sarcophaga erecta Engel, 1925].

Beziella voeltzkowi; Lehrer 2003b: 87 (♂ holotype revised); Lehrer 2010: 29 (morphology).

Beziella (s. str.) voeltzkovi; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 110 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications) [erroneous subsequent spelling of voeltzkowi Enderlein, 1937].

Distribution

Tanzania (Enderlein 1937; Zumpt 1951, 1972; Lehrer 2003b).

Habits

Unknown.

Key to species of the subgenus Beziella

1.	pdc 3; pregonites as long as postgonites (Figure 4A). Size 7.0–10.0 mm………Beziella (s. str.) batissoides – pdc 4–5; pregonites as long as or longer than postgonites………2
2.	Pregonites knife-like, as long as postgonites (Figure 6C, D); pdc 4. Size 8.0–9.0 mm………………B. (s. str.) voeltzkowi – Pregonites distinctly longer than postgonites (Figure 5C, D); pdc 5. 12.0–13.0 mm………B. (s. str.) vicaria

Subgenus Bilenemyia Verves, 1989

Erwinlindneria (Bilenemyia) Verves 1989a: 33 (in key), 36. Type species: Sarcophaga limpopoensis Zumpt, 1956, by original designation.

Sarcophaga (Bilenemyia); Pape 1996: 309 (catalogue).

Bilenemyia; Lehrer 2002a: 46 (in key); Lehrer 2003b: 91 (redescription).

Erwinlindneria (Bilenemyia); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 110 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium size (7.0–11.0 mm). First flagellomere 2.5 × as long as pedicel; propleuron setose; R₁ bare; pdc 4–5; T₃ with strong mm. ♂: Epandrium with a pair of lateroventral tufts of very long and thin setae. Cerci narrow and distinctly concave ventrally, claw-like; lateral styli stick-like, with dorsoapical spine, slightly longer than subulate juxtal lateral appendage; ventralia with two crossed, narrow and pointed appendages, the longer one directed dorsally, the shorter one directed ventrally; vesica well developed, elongate-oval.

Beziella (Bilenemyia) limpopoensis (Zumpt, 1956), n. comb. (Figure 7)

Sarcophaga limpopoensis Zumpt 1956: 76. Type locality: Mozambique, Bilene. Holotype (♂) deposited in the Natal Museum in Pietermaritzburg.

Erwinlindneria limpopoensis; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Liopygia) limpopoensis; Zumpt 1972: 63 (in key), 177 (redescription, faunistics); Dear 1980: 813 (catalogue).

Erwinlindneria (Bilenemyia) limpopoensis; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 111 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Sarcophaga (Bilenemyia) limpopoensis; Pape 1996: 309 (catalogue).

Bilenemyia limpopoensis; Lehrer 2002a: 46 (in key); Lehrer 2003b: 91 (redescription, faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 50 (morphology, faunistics).

Material examined

Tanzania: Zanzibar north, Nungwi environs, 5°43′S, 39°18′E, 17–26.I.2013, J. Halada coll., 13♂ (CULSP); Zimbabwe: Chirinda Forest, Mt Selinda, 1000 m, 20°25ʹS, 32°43ʹE, 2–6.XII.2015, J. Halada coll., 2♂ (CULSP).

Distribution

Mozambique (Zumpt 1956); Republic of South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal (Zumpt 1972); Tanzania: Zanzibar*; Zimbabwe*.

Habits

Unknown.

Subgenus Brasia Strand, 1932

Braunsiella Enderlein 1928: 49 [not Braunsiella Raffray, 1901 (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae)]. Type species: Sarcophaga booersiana Engel, 1925, by original designation. Lehrer 2002a: 47 (in key).

Brasia Strand 1932: 142 [new name for Braunsiella Enderlein, 1928]. Type species: Sarcophaga booersiana Engel, 1925, by monotypy. Lehrer 2002a: 55 (in key); Lehrer 2003b: 41 (in key), 128 (review).

Sarcophaga (Brasia); Pape 1995: 5 (catalogue); Pape 1996: 311 (catalogue).

Beziella (Brasia); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 109 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Syn. Afrosarcophaga Rohdendorf 1963: 5 (in key), 11. Type species: Sarcophaga booersiana Engel, 1925, by original designation. Synonymized by Zumpt (1972: 42).

Sarcophaga (Afrosarcophaga); Dear 1980: 810.

Beziella (Afrosarcophaga); Verves 1989a: 33 (in key), 36 (review).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium to large size (10.0–16.0 mm). First flagellomere 2.0 × as long as pedicel; propleuron and R₁ bare; pdc 4–5; T₃ with strong mm. ♂: Juxtal lobes short, with distinct dorsal spine; lateral styli as long as juxtal lateral appendage; ventralia thin, filiform; vesica absent.

Beziella (Brasia) booersiana (Engel, 1925) (Figure 8)

Sarcophaga booersiana Engel 1925: 341. Type locality: Republic of South Africa, Western Cape, George. Holotype (♂) deposited in Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany. Zumpt 1951: 175 (morphology).

Brasia boversiana; Enderlein 1928: 17 (in list) [incorrect subsequent spelling of booersiana].

Afrosarcophaga booersiana; Rohdendorf 1963: 11 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Braunsiella) booersiana; Zumpt 1972: 42, 52 (in key), 81 (redescription, faunistics).

Sarcophaga (Afrosarcophaga) booersiana; Dear 1980: 810 (catalogue).

Beziella (Afrosarcophaga) booersiana; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Brasia) booersiana; Pape 1996: 311.

Beziella (Brasia) booersiana; Verves 2001: 330 (taxonomy); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 110 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Brasia booersiana; Lehrer 2003b: 128 (redescription, faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 68 (morphology).

Syn. Sarcophaga lacon Zumpt 1951: 185 [synonymized by Zumpt (1972: 81)]. Type locality: Mozambique, Maputo. Holotype (♂) deposited in the Natal Museum in Pietermaritzburg.

Afrosarcophaga lacon; Rohdendorf 1963: 11 (morphology, taxonomy).

Distribution

Mozambique (Zumpt 1951); Republic of South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal (Rohdendorf 1963; Zumpt 1972; Lehrer 2003b), Mpumalanga (Zumpt 1972), Northern Cape (Lehrer 2003b), Western Cape (Engel 1925).

Habits

Unknown.

Beziella (Brasia) yadvashemia (Lehrer, 1995) (Figure 9)

Figures 9–12. Genitalia. 9, Beziella (Brasia) yadvashemia (Lehrer, 1995): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 132, fig. 46). 10, Beziella (Callostuckenbergia) beninella (Lehrer, 2003): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 135, fig. 47). 11, Beziella (Callostuckenbergia) limela (Lehrer & Lehrer, 1992): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 137, fig. 48). 12, Beziella (Callostuckenbergia) rageaui (Rickenbach, 1966): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 132, fig. 46).

Braunsiella yadvashemia Lehrer 1995: 54. Type locality: Republic of South Africa, Northern Cape, 8 km E of Kamieskroon. Holotype (♂) deposited in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa.

Sarcophaga (Brasia) yadvashemia; Pape 1996: 312 (catalogue).

Brasia yadvashemia; Lehrer 2003b: 151 (morphology, faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 69 (morphology, faunistics).

Beziella (Brasia) yadvashemia; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 110 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Republic of South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal (Lehrer 2003a), Northern Cape (Lehrer 1995).

Habits

This species has been collected in a mountainous habitat with rocks and bushes nearby (Lehrer 1995).

Key to species of the subgenus Brasia

1.

Ventral appendage reaches to the end of juxtal process, distinctly curved ventrally, with spinous apical clavate enlargement; lateral styli almost straight; lateral juxtal processes narrow, bristle-like (Figure 8C)………………Beziella (Brasia) booersiana – Ventral appendage short, distinctly shorter than juxtal process, almost straight, without apical expansion; lateral styli claw-like, distinctly curved ventrally and pointed; lateral juxtal processes strongly widened in apical part (Figure 9C)………B. (B.) yadvashemia

Subgenus Callostuckenbergia Lehrer & Lehrer, 1992

Callostuckenbergia Lehrer & Lehrer 1992: 326. Type species: Callostuckenbergia limela Lehrer & Lehrer, 1992, by original designation.

Sarcophaga (Callostuckenbergia); Pape 1996: 312 (catalogue).

Callostuckenbergia; Lehrer 2000b: 305 (taxonomy); Lehrer 2002a: 46 (in key); Lehrer 2003b: 31 (in key), 133 (review).

Erwinlindneria (Callostuckenbergia); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 111 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium to large size (6.5–14.0 mm). First flagellomere 2.0–3.5 × as long as pedicel; propleuron and R₁ setose or bare; pdc 3–4; T₃ without strong mm. ♂: Lateral styli strongly knee-like, curved ventrally; each of juxtal lobes with two (rarely one – B. siganella) small, sequentially placed dorsoapical hooks.

Beziella (Callostuckenbergia) beninella (Lehrer, 2003), n. comb. (Figure 10)

Callostuckenbergia beninella Lehrer 2003b: 133. Type locality: Benin, Ina, 9°58′N, 2°44′E. Holotype (♂) deposited in Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Lehrer 2010: 71 (morphology, faunistics).

Erwinlindneria (Callostuckenbergia) beninella; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 111 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Benin (Lehrer 2003b).

Habits

Unknown.

Beziella (Callostuckenbergia) limela (Lehrer & Lehrer, 1992), n. comb. (Figure 11)

Callostuckenbergia limela Lehrer & Lehrer 1992: 326. Type locality: Kenya, Maungu Hills. Holotype (♂) deposited in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa. Lehrer 2000: 307 (morphology); Lehrer 2003b: 135 (morphology, faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 72 (taxonomy, faunistics).

Erwinlindneria (Callostuckenbergia) limela; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 111 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Material examined

Central African Republic: 35 km E Ndélé, 450 m, 8°29′N, 20°57′E, 17.V.2009, J. Halada coll., 1♂ (CULSP); Tanzania: Zanzibar north, Nungwi environs, 5°43′S, 39°18′E, 17–26.I.2013, J. Halada coll., 17♂ (CULSP).

Distribution

Central African Republic*; Kenya (Lehrer & Lehrer 1992); Tanzania: Zanzibar*.

Habits

Unknown.

Beziella (Callostuckenbergia) rageaui (Rickenbach, 1966), n. comb. (Figure 12)

Sarcophaga rageaui Rickenbach 1966: 176. Type locality: Cameroon, Nkolbisson (Yaoundé). Holotype (♂) deposited in Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, Bondy (Seine-Saint-Denis), France.

Sarcophaga (Stygiophalla) rageaui; Zumpt 1972: 48, 56 (in key), 118 (holotype revised, morphology, faunistics).

Sarcophaga (Bezziella) rageaui; Dear 1980: 812 (catalogue); Pape 1996: 308 (catalogue).

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) rageaui; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Callostuckenbergia rageaui; Lehrer 2000b: 306 (redescription, faunistics); Lehrer 2003b: 138 (holotype revised); Lehrer 2010: 73 (morphology, faunistics).

Erwinlindneria (Callostuckenbergia) rageaui; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 111 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Syn. Sarcophaga spangleri Reed 1973: 473 [synonymized by Lehrer (2000b: 306)]. Type locality: Uganda: Ankole, Kichwamba. Holotype (♂): deposited in United States National Museum, Washington, DC, USA.

Sarcophaga (Bezziella) spangleri; Dear 1880: 812 (catalogue).

Sarcophaga (Callostuckenbergia) spangleri; Pape 1996: 312 (catalogue).

Material examined

Central African Republic: 35 km E Ndélé, 450 m, 8°29′N, 20°57′E, 17.V.2009, J. Halada coll., 1♂ (CULSP). Republic of South Africa: Limpopo prov., 35 km W Hoedspruit, 470 m, 24°23′S, 30°40′E, 19.XII.2009, J. Halada coll., 1♂ (CULSP). Zimbabwe: Chirinda Forest, Mt Selinda, 1000 m, 20°25′S, 32°43′E, 2–6.XII.2015, J. Halada coll., 1♂ (CULSP).

Distribution

Cameroon (Rickenbach 1966); Central African Republic*; Republic of South Africa*: Limpopo; Sierra Leone (Pape 1996); Uganda (Reed 1973); Zimbabwe*.

Habits

Unknown.

Beziella (Callostuckenbergia) siganella (Lehrer, 2005) (Figure 13)

Figures 13–16. Genitalia. 13, Beziella (Callostuckenbergia) siganella (Lehrer, 2005): A, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2005, p. 12, fig. 4). 14, Beziella (Draculana) momba (Curran, 1934): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 190, fig. 68). 15, Beziella (Malawithyrsia) oharai Lehrer, 1994: A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 1994, p. 25, fig. 3). 16, Beziella (Nguenia) bulamatadi (Curran, 1934): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 340, fig. 129).

Batissophalla siganella Lehrer 2005: 1. Type locality: Kenya, Diami Beach. Holotype (♂) deposited in Natural History Museum, London, UK.

Batissophalla siganella; Lehrer 2010: 21 (morphology).

Beziella (Batissophalla) siganella; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 111 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Kenya (Lehrer, 2005).

Habits

Unknown.

Key to species of the subgenus Callostuckenbergia

1.	R1 setose. Parastyli sickle-shaped, closely adjacent to dorsal surface of styli (Figure 10C). Size 8.5 mm…………Beziella (Callostuckenbergia) beninella – R1 bare. Parastyli not sickle-shaped nor closely adjacent to dorsal surface of styli………2
2.	pdc 3. Parastyli narrow, concave, pointed, with dorsal spine-like protuberance (Figure 11C). Size 6.5–7.0 mm………B. (C.) limela – pdc 4. Parastyli different………3
3.	Ventral protuberances short and straight, stump-shaped, distinctly shorter than lateral stylus (Figure 12C). First flagellomere 3.0× as long as pedicel. Size 7.5 mm……………B. (C.) rageaui – Ventral protuberances narrow and arcuate, whip-shaped, not shorter than lateral stylus (Figure 13B). First flagellomere 2.0× as long as pedicel. Size 14.0 mm………B. (C.) siganella

Subgenus Draculana Lehrer, 2002

Draculana Lehrer 2002b: 56. Type species: Sarcophaga momba Curran, 1934, by original designation. Lehrer 2003b: 36 (in key), 187 (review) [“Dovporiella (Sarcophaga) gnu Curran, 1934” erroneously listed as type species].

Erwinlindneria (Draculana); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 111 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of large size (12.0 mm). First flagellomere 3.0× as long as pedicel; propleuron setose, R₁ bare; pdc 4–5; T₃ with strong mm. ♂: Triangular juxtal lateral arms distinctly shorter than juxtal lobes; lateral styli almost straight and slightly curved dorsally; each juxtal lobe with large dorsoapical hook, as long as lateral styli; ventralia large, with two protuberances, directed ventrally and basally; vesica not distinguished.

Beziella (Draculana) momba (Curran, 1934), n. comb. (Figure 14)

Sarcophaga momba Curran 1934: 19. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kisangani [“Stanleyville”], 25°10ʹE, 0°30ʹN. Holotype (♂) deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. Arnaud & Owen 1981: 188 (history of knowledge); Engel 1938: 17 (morphology, faunistics); Zumpt 1951: 173 (morphology, faunistics); Pape 1996: 418 (catalogue).

Erwinlindneria momba; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Liopygia) momba; Zumpt 1972: 44, 63 (in key), 178 (redescription, taxonomy, faunistics); Dear 1980: 813 (catalogue).

Erwinlindneria (s. str.) momba; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Draculana momba; Lehrer 2002b: 56 (redescription, taxonomy); Lehrer 2003b: 189 (holotype revised); Lehrer 2010: 98 (taxonomy, morphology, faunistics).

Erwinlindneria (Draculana) momba; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 111 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Cameroon (Dear 1980); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Curran 1934; Rohdendorf 1963; Zumpt 1972); Liberia (Zumpt 1972); Nigeria (Zumpt 1972); Rwanda (Zumpt 1972); Tanzania (Zumpt 1972); Uganda (Dear 1980).

Habits

The entire type material was taken from Bembix wasps (Curran 1934).

Subgenus Malawithyrsia Lehrer, 1994

Malawithyrsia Lehrer 1994: 23. Type species: Malawithyrsia oharai Lehrer, 1994, by original designation. Lehrer 2000a: 451 (taxonomy); Lehrer 2003b: 302 (review).

Erwinlindneria (Malawithyrsia); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 112 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of approximately 7.0 mm. First flagellomere 2.0 × as long as pedicel; propleuron bare; R₁ setose; pdc 4; T₃ without strong mm. ♂: Vesica well developed, elongate; ventral lobe elongated, triangular.

Beziella (Malawithyrsia) oharai Lehrer, 1994, n. comb. (Figure 15)

Malawithyrsia oharai Lehrer 1994: 23. Type locality: Malawi, SE1333BD, Ntchisi Forest Reservation. Holotype (♂) deposited in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa. Lehrer 2000a: 451 (taxonomy); Lehrer 2003b: 302 (review); Lehrer 2010: 206 (morphology, faunistics).

Erwinlindneria (Malawithyrsia) oharai; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 112 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Malawi (Lehrer 1994).

Habits

Unknown.

Subgenus Nguyenia Lehrer, 2003

Nguyenia Lehrer 2003b: 37 (in key), 338. Type species: Sarcophaga bulamatadi Curran, 1934, by original designation.

Erwinlindneria (Nguyenia); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 113 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies with size approximately 13.0 mm. First flagellomere 2.0 × as long as pedicel; propleuron setose; R₁ bare; pdc 4; T₃ without strong mm. ♂: Vesica absent; ventral lobe stick-like, with small apical hook.

Beziella (Nguyenia) bulamatadi (Curran, 1934), n. comb. (Figure 16)

Sarcophaga bulamatadi Curran 1934: 21. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kisangani [“Stanleyville”], 25°10′E, 0°30′N. Holotype (♂) deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. Ghesquière 1946: 259 (habits); Zumpt 1951: 173 (redescription, faunistics).

Zumptisca bulamatadi; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (in list).

Helicobia (Uroxanthisca) bulamatadi; Zumpt 1972: 247 (holotype revised, faunistics).

Heteronychia (Uroxanthisca) bulamatadi; Dear 1980: 809 (catalogue); Arnaud & Owen 1981: 188 (story of studying).

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) bulamatadi; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Zumptisca) bulamatadi; Pape 1996: 416 (catalogue).

Embulinkisa bulamatadi; Lehrer 2000a: 448 (taxonomy).

Nguyenia bulamatadi; Lehrer 2003b: 302 (holotype revised); Lehrer 2010: 228 (morphology, faunistics).

Erwinlindneria (Nguyenia) bulamatadi; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 113 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Cameroon (Dear 1980); Central African Republic (Zumpt 1972); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Curran 1934; Ghesquière 1946; Rohdendorf 1963).

Habits

The holotype of this species was collected from a Bembix wasp (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) (Curran 1934); larvae reared from pupa of Epicampoptera strandi (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae) (Ghesquière 1946; Zumpt 1972).

Subgenus Palaeobrasia Verves & Khrokalo, n. subgen.

Type species

Sarcophaga kadeisi Salem, 1938.

Etymology

The generic name consists of two parts: “palaeo”, Latin word for “ancient”, and the name of the closely related subgenus Brasia; with this name we want to emphasize the unique occurrence of the so-far single included species of the otherwise Afrotropical subtribe Erwinlindneriina in the Palearctic.

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium size (10.0–11.0 mm). First flagellomere 3.0 × as long as pedicel; propleuron and R₁ bare; pdc 3; T₃ without strong mm. ♂: Cerci narrow, almost straight, slightly concave ventrally, with elongate apical spine. Lateral styli straight, slightly longer than juxta. Juxtal lobe hook-like, with apically directed apex; juxtal lateral arms distinctly longer than juxtal lobes, filiform, S-like curved and forked apically; lateral styli narrow, elongate, almost straight, with apical hook; parastyli lanceolate, distinctly longer than spinous oval ventralia; vesica absent.

Beziella (Palaeobrasia) kadeisi (Salem, 1938) (Figure 17)

Figures 17–20. Genitalia. 17, Beziella (Palaeobrasia) kadeisi (Salem, 1938), lateral view (after Salem 1940, p. 3, fig. 11). 18, Erwinlindneria (s. str.) furcoides (Zumpt, 1967): A, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 190, fig. 71). 19, Erwinlindneria (s. str.) lindneriana (Zumpt, 1954): A, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 190, fig. 71). 20, Erwinlindneria (Fanzidella) furcadorsalis (Rohdendorf, 1931): A, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 203, fig. 73).

Sarcophaga kadeisi Salem 1938: 3. Type locality: Egypt, Sinai, Ain Kadeis. Holotype (♂) deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. Salem 1940: 8 (morphology, faunistics); Pape 1996: 417 (catalogue); Lehrer 2003b: 489 (morphology).

Pierretia (Mehria) kadeisi; Verves 1986: 142 (catalogue).

Sarina kadeisi; Verves 1997: 50 (in list).

Beziella (Brasia) kadeisi; Verves 2001: 328 (redescription).

Sarcophaga (Beziella) kadeisi; El-Hawagry & El-Azab 2019: 29 (faunistics).

Distribution

Egypt: Sinai (Salem 1938, 1940).

Habits

Unknown.

Genus Erwinlindneria Rohdendorf, 1963

Erwinlindneria Rohdendorf 1963: 3 (in key), 12. Type species: Sarcophaga lindneriana Zumpt, 1954, by original designation. Verves 1989a: 33 (in key), 36 (review); Lehrer 2000a: 447 (taxonomy); Lehrer 2002a: 51 (in key); Lehrer 2003b: 196; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 110 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium to large size (6.0–10.0 mm). First flagellomere 2.0–4.0 × as long as pedicel; propleuron setose; R₁ bare or setose at base; T₃ often with mm. ♂: Apical part of cerci strongly curved ventrally near the middle of midlength.

Subgenus Erwinlindneria Rohdendorf, 1963

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium size (9.0–10.0 mm). First flagellomere 2.0–2.5 × as long as pedicel; R₁ setose at base; pdc 4; T₃ without mm. ♂: Lateral styli reach far beyond the juxta; juxta with a pair of very broad membranous lateral processes, which almost entirely cover distiphallus laterally; vesica well developed, rounded or spinous at apex.

Erwinlindneria (s. str.) furcoides (Zumpt, 1967) (Figure 18)

Sarcophaga furcoides Zumpt 1967: 121. Type locality: Kenya, 27 mi NE Kisumu. Holotype deposited in California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Helicobia furcoides; Zumpt 1972: 214, 218 (in key), 250 (taxonomy and faunistics).

Heteronychia (Uroxanthisca) furcoides; Dear 1980: 809 (catalogue).

Sarcophaga (Uroxanthisca) furcoides; Pape 1996: 413 (catalogue).

Erwinlindneria furcoides; Lehrer 2003b: 196 (taxonomy, faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 103 (morphology).

Erwinlindneria (s. str.) furcoides; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 112 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Burundi (Zumpt 1967); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lehrer 2003b); Kenya (Zumpt 1967); Tanzania (Zumpt 1967).

Habits

This species has been collected in mountains at altitudes up to 1200–1500 m (Lehrer 2003b) or 1650 m (Zumpt 1967).

Erwinlindneria (s. str.) lindneriana (Zumpt, 1954) (Figure 19)

Sarcophaga lindneriana Zumpt 1954: 651. Type locality: Tanzania, Usangi, Pare Mts. Holotype (♂) deposited in Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany.

Helicobia lindneriana; Zumpt 1972: 214, 218 (in key), 250 (taxonomy and faunistics).

Heteronychia (Uroxanthisca) lindneriana; Dear 1980: 809 (catalogue).

Sarcophaga (Uroxanthisca) lindneriana; Pape 1996: 413 (catalogue).

Heteronychia lindneriana; Shinonaga 2001: 214 (faunistics).

Erwinlindneria lindneriana; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (taxonomy); Lehrer 2003b: 199 (holotype examined); Lehrer 2010: 104 (morphology).

Erwinlindneria (s. str.) lindneriana; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 112 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Material examined

Central African Republic: 90 km N Carnot, 820 m, 05°36′N, 15°54′E, 3.VI.2009, J. Halada coll., 1♂ (CULSP); SW, 40 km S Nola, 600 m, 03°23′N, 16°10′E, 13.XII.2008, J. Halada coll., 1♂ (CULSP); Ethiopia: SW, 70 km S Jimma (NP), 04°02′N, 36°40′E, 1230 m, 7–8.V.2015, J. Halada coll., 2♂ (CULSP).

Distribution

Central African Republic*; Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zumpt 1954); Ethiopia*; Kenya (Shinonaga 2001); Tanzania: Tanganyika (Zumpt 1972).

Habits

This species has been collected at altitudes of 600–1230 m.

Key to species of the subgenus Erwinlindneria

1.	Vesica rounded at apex (Figure 18B). 9.0–10.0 mm…………Erwinlindneria (s. str.) furcoides – Vesica pointed at apex (Figure 19B). 10.0 mm………………E. (s. str.) lindneriana

Subgenus Fanzidella Lehrer, 2003

Fanzidella Lehrer 2003b: 37 (in key), 201. Type species: Sarcophaga furcadorsalis Rohdendorf, 1931, by original designation.

Erwinlindneria (Fanzidella); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 112 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of small size (6.0 mm). First flagellomere 2.0 × as long as pedicel; R₁ setose at base; pdc 4; T₃ without mm. ♂: Juxta with a pair of very broad membranous lateral processes that almost entirely cover the distiphallus laterally; lateral styli as long as juxta; vesica small, spinous; cerci arcuate.

Erwinlindneria (Fanzidella) furcadorsalis (Rohdendorf, 1931) (Figures 20, 21)

Sarcophaga furcadorsalis Rohdendorf 1931: 350. Type locality: Sierra Leone: Njala. Holotype (♂) deposited in Natural History Museum, London, UK. Curran 1934: 20 (morphology, faunistics); Lewis 1955: 275 (faunistics); Rickenbach et al. 1962: 132 (faunistics); Zumpt 1951: 173 (morphology, faunistica).

Erwinlindneria furcadorsalis; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (taxonomy).

Helicobia furcadorsalis; Zumpt 1972: 214, 217 (in key), 244 (taxonomy and faunistics).

Heteronychia (Uroxanthisca) furcadorsalis; Dear 1980: 809 (catalogue).

Erwinlindneria (s. str.) furcadorsalis; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Uroxanthisca) furcadorsalis; Pape 1996: 413 (catalogue).

Fanzidella furcadorsalis; Lehrer 2003b: 202 (morphology, faunistics); Lehrer 2006: 21 (faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 110 (morphology).

Erwinlindneria (Fanzidella) furcadorsalis; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 112 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Syn. Fanzidella erzulia Lehrer 2013: 28, n. syn. Type locality: Bénin: Ouidah. Holotype (♂): Tel Aviv University, Israel.

Erwinlindneria (Fanzidella) erzulia; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 112 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Comments

The differences between the original description and drawings of the male genitalia of Erwinlindneria furcadorsalis (Figure 20) and E. erzulia (Figure 21) are very small and reflect intraspecific variability only.

Figures 21–24. Genitalia. 21, Fanzidella erzulia Lehrer, 2013: A, cerci and surstyli, dorsal view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2013, p. 29, fig. 1). 22, Erwinlindneria (Mitumbana) kisangani (Curran, 1934): A, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 325, fig. 123). 23, Erwinlindneria (Mitumbana) lubaia (Lehrer, 2005): A, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2005, p. 30, fig. 14). 24, Erwinlindneria (Sarconimba) liberiphaga (Lehrer, 2005): A, distiphallus, lateral view; B, pregonite, lateral view; C, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2005, p. 45, fig. 22).

Material examined

Central African Republic: 70 km NNE Bangui, 443 m, 4°57′N, 18°46′E, 24–28.XI.2010 (J. Halada coll.), 1♂. Koukorou, Bamingul, 7°15′N, 20°03′E, 440 m, 20.IV.2010, J. Halada coll., 1♂. Ethiopia: SNPR, Chebera Churchura, NP, 1230 m, 7°02′N, 36°40′E, 31.III.2016, J. Halada coll., 1♂. SW, 70 km S Jimma (NP), 1230 m, 7°02′N, 36°40′E, 7–8.V.2015, J. Halada coll., 1♂ – (CULSP).

Distribution

Benin (Lehrer 2013); Burkina Faso (Rickenbach et al. 1962; Zumpt 1972; Lehrer 2006); Cameroon (Zumpt 1972; Lehrer 2006); Central African Republic*; Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zumpt 1972; Lehrer 2006); Ethiopia*, Rwanda (Zumpt 1972); Sierra Leone (Rohdendorf 1931, 1963); Sudan (Lewis 1955); Tanzania (Zumpt 1972); Uganda (Zumpt 1972).

Subgenus Mitumbana Lehrer, 2003

Mitumbana Lehrer, 2003b: 36 (in key), 323. Type species: Sarcophaga kisangani Curran, 1934, by original designation.

Erwinlindneria (Mitumbana); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 112 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium to large size (9.0–14.0 mm). First flagellomere 2.0 × as long as pedicel; R₁ setose at base; pdc 4; T₃ without mm. ♂: Cerci arcuate; lateral styli strongly knee-like, curved ventrally, about as long as juxta; basiphallus occupies not more than 0.5× of dorsal surface of distiphallus; juxta placed dorsally and directed apically, with a pair of bristle-like lateral processes.

Erwinlindneria (Mitumbana) kisangani (Curran, 1934) (Figure 22)

Sarcophaga kisangani Curran 1934: 20. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kisangani [“Stanleyville”], 25°10′E, 0°30′N. Holotype (♂) deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. Zumpt 1951: 179 (morphology, faunistics).

Helicobia kisangani; Zumpt 1972: 214, 218 (in key), 248 (taxonomy, faunistics).

Heteronychia (Uroxanthisca) kisangani; Dear 1980: 809 (catalogue); Arnaud & Owen 1981: 187 (history of knowledge).

Erwinlindneria kisangani; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Zumptisca) kisangani; Pape 1996: 416 (catalogue).

Embulinkisa kisangani; Lehrer 2000: 448 (taxonomy).

Mitumbana kisangani; Lehrer 2003b: 323 (♂ holotype revised); Lehrer 2010: 217 (morphology).

Erwinlindneria (Mitumbana) kisangani; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 113 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Syn. Sarcophaga conradti Zumpt 1951: 179. Type locality: Ghana, Kete Krachi [as “Togo: Bismarckburg”]. Holotype (♂) deposited in Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany [as “Zoologisches Museum, Berlin”]. Synonymized by Zumpt (1972: 248).

Erwinlindneria conradti; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (faunistics).

Distribution

Cameroon (Dear 1980); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Curran 1934); Ghana [as “Togo” (Zumpt 1951; Rohdendorf 1963): erroneous name of country].

Habits

Specimens of this species were collected from a nest of Bembix sp. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) (Curran 1934).

Erwinlindneria (Mitumbana) lubaia (Lehrer, 2005) (Figure 23)

Mitumbana lubaia Lehrer 2005: 29. Type locality: Tanzania, Amani. Holotype (♂) deposited in Natural History Museum, London, UK.

Erwinlindneria (Mitumbana) lubaia; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 113 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Tanzania: Tanganyika (Lehrer, 2005).

Habits

Unknown.

Key to species of the subgenus Mitumbana

1.	Lateral styli distinctly widened at apex; vesica almost linear (Figure 22B). 11.0–14.0 mm………………Erwinlindneria (Mitumbana) kisangani – Lateral styli not widened at apex; vesica protruded ventrally, bilobed (Figure 23B). 9.0 mm………………E. (M.) lubaia

Subgenus Sarconimba Lehrer, 2005

Sarconimba Lehrer 2005: 44. Type species: Sarconimba liberiphaga Lehrer, 2005, by original designation.

Erwinlindneria (Sarconimba); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 113 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium size (12.0 mm). First flagellomere 4.0 × as long as pedicel; R₁ setose at base; pdc 4; T₃ without mm. ♂: Lateral styli strongly knee-like, curved ventrally; juxtal lateral arms narrow and elongate, S-like curved, pointed at apex, directed ventrally; ventralia short and broad; wedge-shaped; vesica directed ventrally.

Erwinlindneria (Sarconimba) liberiphaga (Lehrer, 2005) (Figure 24)

Sarconimba liberiphaga Lehrer 2005: 44. Type locality: Liberia, Mt. Nimba. Holotype (♂) deposited in Natural History Museum, London, UK.

Erwinlindneria (Sarconimba) liberiphaga; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 113 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Liberia (Lehrer 2005).

Habits

Unknown.

Subgenus Wittemyia Lehrer, 2003

Wittemyia Lehrer 2003a: 65. Type species: Sarcophaga eos Zumpt, 1955, by original designation. Lehrer 2003b: 30 (in key), 448 (taxonomy, faunistics); Lehrer 2008: 16 (review).

Erwinlindneria (Wittemyia); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 114 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Diagnosis

Grey flies of medium size (8.0–9.0 mm). First flagellomere about 2.0 × long as pedicel; R₁ bare; pdc 3; T₃ with mm. ♂: Basiphallus occupies entire dorsal surface of distiphallus; juxta placed laterally and directed ventrally; bristle-like juxtal processes S-shaped, curved; lateral styli strongly directed ventrally; ventralia membranous, wide, pointed at apex.

Erwinlindneria (Wittemyia) eos (Zumpt, 1955) (Figure 25)

Figures 25–28. Genitalia. 25, Erwinlindneria (Wittemyia) eos (Zumpt, 1955): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 450, fig. 172). 26, Erwinlindneria (Wittemyia) turkanella (Lehrer, 2008): A, S₅, ventral view; B, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2008, p. 17, fig. 1). 27, Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) freedmani (Zumpt, 1956): A, terminalia, lateral view; B, distiphallus, posterior view; C, cerci, dorsal view (after Zumpt 1972, p. 117, fig. 59). 28, Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) gashaka Verves & Khrokalo, n. sp.: A, cercus, surstylus and gonites, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view.

Sarcophaga eos Zumpt 1955: 326. Type locality: Burundi, Bururi, Makoronkwe. Holotype (♂) deposited in Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.

Erwinlindneria eos; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (in list); Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Stygiophalla) eos; Zumpt 1972: 56 (in key), 116 (taxonomy, faunistics).

Sarcophaga (Bezziella) eos; Dear 1980: 812 (catalogue).

Sarcophaga (Beziella) eos; Pape 1996: 308 (catalogue).

Wittemyia eos; Lehrer 2003a: 65 (taxonomy); Lehrer 2003b: 449 (♂ holotype revised, redescription, faunistics); Lehrer 2006: 23 (faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 387 (morphology).

Erwinlindneria (Wittemyia) eos; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 114 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Burundi (Rohdendorf 1963); Rwanda (Zumpt 1972); Kenya (Lehrer 2006); Zimbabwe (Dear 1980).

Habits

This species has been collected at altitudes of 1450–2400 m (Zumpt 1972).

Erwinlindneria (Wittemyia) turkanella (Lehrer, 2008) (Figure 26)

Wittemyia turkanella Lehrer 2008: 17. Type locality: Kenya, 8 km NE Kericho, 0°23′S 35°16′E. Holotype (♂) deposited in Laboratory of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel.

Erwinlindneria (Wittemyia) turkanella; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 114 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Syn. Wittemyia turkania Lehrer 2009a: 30 [unnecessary new name for Wittemyia turkanella]. Synonymized by Verves & Khrokalo (2020: 114).

Distribution

Kenya (Lehrer 2008).

Habits

The holotype was collected at an altitude of 1530 m (Lehrer 2008).

Key to species of the subgenus Wittemyia

1.

Dorsoapical corner of distiphallus rounded (Figure 25C); posterior surface of S5 concave, with median spinose protuberance. Size 8.0–9.0 mm………………Erwinlindneria (Wittemyia) eos – Dorsoapical corner of distiphallus right-angled (Figure 26C); posterior surface of S5 flat, almost entirely spinose except lateral protuberances. Size 8.5 mm………E. (W.) turkanella

Subgenus Zumptisca Rohdendorf, 1963

Zumptisca Rohdendorf 1963: 3 (in key), 12. Type species: Sarcophaga surda Curran, 1934, by original designation. Verves 1989a: 33 (in key), 36 (review); Lehrer 2000a: 447 (taxonomy); Lehrer 2002a: 52 (in key); Lehrer 2003b: 196; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 114 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Sarcophaga (Zumptisca); Pape 1996: 416 (catalogue).

Syn. Embulinkisa Lehrer 2000a: 448 [synonymized by Lehrer (2003b: 484)]. Type species: Embulinkisa emmrichi Lehrer, 2000 [syn. Helicobia surda Curran, 1934], by original designation.

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca); Verves 1989a: 33 (in key), 36 (review); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 114 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Syn. Rossikenya Lehrer 2009c: 12, n. syn. Type species: Rossikenya retrostylata Lehrer, 2009, by original designation.

Comments

The differences between Rossikenya retrostylata and representatives of Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) do not exceed the rank of genus. Therefore, Rossikenya Lehrer, 2009 is considered synonymous with Zumptisca Rohdendorf, 1963.

Diagnosis

Grey flies of small to large size (6.0–13.0 mm). First flagellomere 2.0× as long as pedicel; R₁ bare; pdc 4; T₃ with mm. ♂: Juxtal lobes placed dorsally, without lateral arms, with more or less developed dorsoapical hooks; lateral styli straight or arcuate, curved ventrally, ventral arms wide.

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) freedmani (Zumpt, 1956) (Figure 27)

Sarcophaga freedmani Zumpt 1956: 74. Type locality: Botswana, Nata. Holotype (♂) deposited in the Natal Museum in Pietermaritzburg.

Sarcophaga (Stygiophalla) freedmani; Zumpt 1972: 48, 56 (in key), 117 (taxonomy, faunistics).

Sarcophaga (Bezziella) freedmani; Dear 1980: 812 (catalogue).

Sarcophaga (Beziella) freedmani; Pape 1996: 308 (catalogue).

Beziella freedmani; Lehrer 2003a: 65 (faunistics).

Erwinlindneria freedmani; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (in list); Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) freedmani; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 114 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Botswana (Zumpt 1956); Mozambique (Rohdendorf 1963); Republic of South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal (Zumpt 1972); Tanzania (Pape 1996).

Habits

Unknown.

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) gashaka Verves & Khrokalo, n. sp. (Figure 28, 29)

Figure 29. Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) gashaka Verves & Khrokalo, n. sp., dorsal view of male holotype.

Type material

Holotype: ♂, Nigeria, Gashaka Gumti NP, 25 km SW Serti, 400 m, 7°20′N, 11°13′E, 9–13.V.2011, J. Halada coll (CULSP).

Diagnosis

This species, according to Verves (1989) and Lehrer (2000, 2003b), belongs to the genus Erwinlindneria Rohdendorf, 1963 and the subgenus Zumptisca Rohdendorf, 1963. It is well differentiated from other species of this subgenus by the elongate juxta, distinctly curved dorsally elongate ventralia, but it is somewhat similar to E. (Z.) mossambica by S-shaped apical part of the cercus.

Etymology

The species epithet “gashaka” is the Latinized name of the first word of the name of the type locality, Gashaka Gumti National Park. Noun in apposition.

Description

Length. 8.5 mm (n = 1).

Head. Black, parafrons anteriorly and parafacials with silvery-white pollen, vertex fuscous, antennae and palpi black, genae and occiput grey dusted. Frons at narrowest part 0.17–0.18× head width, at vertex 0.21–0.22× head width, and at level of antennal base 0.27–0.28× head width; frontal vitta 1.8× widened forwards, at level of antennal base 2.0× as wide as one parafrons; first flagellomere 3.0× as long as pedicel; arista widened in basal 0.4, distinctly longer than flagellomere, long-feathered; parafacials at level of antennal base 0.21–0.22× eye height, genae 0.24–0.25× eye height; palpi medium length, at apex not widened. One regular row of postocular setae; outer vertical setae 0.5× inner vertical setae length; oc medium length, directed anterolaterally; fr 8–10, long, only posterior pairs strong, anteriorly cilia-like; orb 1 + 0, strong; parafrons posteriorly with numerous short black cilia, almost bare anteriorly; parafacials almost bare, with several strong and mid length black setae in hind part near eye margin; vi strong and elongate; facial ridges entirely covered with short black setae; occiput in dorsal third covered with long black setae, other parts and postgenae with numerous elongate white cilia.

Thorax. Black, dark grey dusted, dorsal longitudinal stripes of mesonotum broad and well developed. All surface covered with dense short black cilia; propleuron with several elongate black setae; acr 0 + 1; dc 3, only 2 ps strong; ial 1 + 2; two postpronotal setae; notopleural setae 3 long + 2 short; scutellum with three pairs of strong marg and one pair of undifferentiated, short ds.

Wings. Hyaline; tegula black; basicosta yellow white. Costal spine small; R₁ with several very short cilia, almost bare; R₄₊₅ setose in basal half of first section; M right-angled, without appendix; dm-cu almost straight; r₄₊₅ broadly open at wing margin.

Legs. Black, with distinct bronze metallic lustre. f2 and f3 with numerous long posterior and posteroventral setae.

Abdomen. Black, grey dusted, T₁₊₂– T₅ covered with iridescent checkered pattern; S₅ orange grey. T₁₊₂ and T₃ without marg, T₄ with strong and long mm, T₅ with full row of marg. S₄ without erected ds, S₅ V-like, with elongate ps and numerous short spines (“brush”) along posterior margin.

Postabdomen (Figure 28). Segment VII + VIII black lustrous, without marg; epandrium orange-red. Cercus with distinct dorsal protuberance, in apical part S-like curved; pre- and postgonites equal in length, hook-like; juxtal lobes narrow, with apical dorsal hook; lateral styli distinctly longer than juxta, curved and pointed at apex.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution

Nigeria (Taraba Province).

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) inducta (Curran, 1934) (Figure 30)

Figures 30–33. Genitalia. 30, Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) inducta (Curran, 1934): A, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2003b, p. 485, fig. 186). 31, Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) mossambica (Zumpt, 1951): A, terminalia, lateral view; B, distiphallus, posterior view; C, cerci, dorsal view (after Zumpt 1972, p. 224, fig. 128). 32, Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) retrostylata (Lehrer, 2009): A, cercus and surstylus, lateral view; B, cerci and surstyli, dorsal view; C, distiphallus, lateral view; D, pregonite, lateral view; E, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2009b, p. 12, fig. 1). 33, Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) surda (Curran, 1934): A, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; B, distiphallus, lateral view; C, pregonite, lateral view; D, postgonite, lateral view (after Lehrer 2000a, p. 449, fig. 1).

Sarcophaga inducta Curran 1934: 22. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kisangani [“Stanleyville”], 25°10′E, 0°30′N. Holotype (♂) deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.

Helicobia (Uroxanthisca) inducta; Zumpt 1972: 214, 217 (in key), 246 (taxonomy, faunistics).

Sarcophaga (Uroxanthisca) inducta; Dear 1980: 809 (catalogue).

Heteronychia (Uroxanthisca) inducta; Arnaud & Owen 1981: 187 (history of knowledge).

Sarcophaga (Zumptisca) inducta; Pape 1996: 308 (catalogue).

Embulinkisa inducta; Lehrer 2000a: 448 (taxonomy).

Heteronychia inducta; Shinonaga 2001: 214 (faunistics).

Zumptisca inducta; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (in list); Lehrer 2003b: 484 (holotype revised, faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 421 (morphology).

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) inducta; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 114 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Syn. Sarcophaga simillima Zumpt 1950: 82. Type locality: Cameroon, Tiko, Misellele. Holotype (♂) deposited in National Health Laboratory Service [as “South African Institute for Medical Research”], Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa. Synonymized by Zumpt (1972: 246).

Erwinlindneria simillima; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (in list).

Sarcophaga kisangani; Engel 1938: 20 [misidentification: not Sarcophaga kisangani Curran, 1934 according Zumpt (1972: 246)].

Zumptisca kisangani; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (in list).

Distribution

Cameroon (Zumpt 1950); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Curran 1934; Rohdendorf 1963); Ivory Coast (Dear 1980); Kenya (Shinonaga 2001).

Habits

Unknown.

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) mossambica (Zumpt, 1951) (Figure 31)

Sarcophaga mossambica Zumpt 1951: 180. Type locality: Mozambique: Maputo. Holotype (♂) deposited in the Natal Museum in Pietermaritzburg.

Phytosarcophaga mossambica; Rohdendorf 1963: 8 (in list).

Helicobia (Heteronychia) mossambica; Zumpt 1972: 213, 215 (in key), 223 (taxonomy, faunistics).

Heteronychia (s. str.) mossambica; Dear 1980: 808 (catalogue).

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) mossambica; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list).

Sarcophaga (Curranisca) mossambica; Pape 1996: 313 (catalogue).

Distribution

Mozambique (Zumpt 1951); South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal (Zumpt 1972).

Habits

Unknown.

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) retrostylata (Lehrer, 2009) (Figure 32)

Rossikenya retrostylata Lehrer 2009b: 12. Type locality: Kenya: Rift Valley, Olorgesailie, 3300’. Holotype (♂) deposited in California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Erwinlindneria (Rossikenya) retrostylata; Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 113 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Distribution

Kenya (Lehrer 2009b).

Habits

Unknown.

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) surda (Curran, 1934) (Figure 33)

Sarcophaga surda Curran 1934: 22. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kisangani [“Stanleyville”], 25°10′E, 0°30′N. Holotype (♂) deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.

Helicobia (Uroxanthisca) surda; Zumpt 1972: 214, 217 (in key), 238 (holotype revised, faunistics).

Sarcophaga (Uroxanthisca) surda; Dear 1980: 809 (catalogue).

Heteronychia surda; Arnaud & Owen 1981: 188 (history of knowledge).

Sarcophaga (Zumptisca) surda; Pape 1996: 416 (catalogue).

Zumptisca surda; Rohdendorf 1963: 12 (in list); Lehrer 2000a: 449 (taxonomy); Lehrer 2003b: 488 (holotype revised, faunistics); Lehrer 2010: 422 (morphology).

Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) surda; Verves 1989a: 36 (in list); Verves & Khrokalo 2020: 114 (analysis of Lehrer’s publications).

Embulinkisa emmrichi Lehrer, 2000a: 449. Type locality: Republic of South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. Holotype (♂) deposited in Laboratory of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel [synonymized by Verves & Khrokalo (2020: 114)].

Distribution

Cameroon (Dear 1980); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Curran 1934); Republic of South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal (Zumpt 1972).

Habits

This species was collected from a nest of Bembix sp. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) (Curran 1934).

Key to species of the subgenus Zumptisca

1.	Apical part of cercus in an S-like curve (Figure 28A)………2 – Apical part of cercus differently shaped………3
2.	Dorsal expansion of cercus almost imperceptible; juxta distinctly shorter than paraphallus (Figure 31A). 8.0–10.0 mm………Erwinlindneria (Zumptisca) mossambica – Dorsal expansion of cercus very wide; juxta distinctly longer than paraphallus (Figure 28A, B). 8.5 mm………………E. (Z.) gashaka
3.	Lateral styli directed ventrally (Figure 30B). 11.0–13.0 mm………E. (Z.) inducta – Lateral styli directed apically………………4
4.	Ventral plate narrow and elongate, with a single pointed apex (Figure 32B). 8.0 mm………E. (Z.) retrostylata – Ventral plate with posterior and anterior apical appendages (Figures 27A, 33B)………………5
5.	R1 bare. Size 6.0–10 mm………E. (Z.) freedmani – R1 ciliate. Size 12.0–13.0 mm………E. (Z.) surda

Key to genera and subgenera of Erwinlindneriina (♂ only)

1.	Cerci claw-like, almost straight, smoothly curved ventrally (Figure 6). Propleuron bare or setose. (Genus Beziella Enderlein)………2 – Cerci strongly obtuse-angled or arcuate, curved ventrally near middle (Figure 19). Propleuron setose. (Genus Erwinlindneria Rohdendorf)………11
2.	Lateral styli strongly curved ventrally (Figure 10C)………3 – Lateral styli straight or slightly curved ventrally (Figure 6B)………5
3.	Juxtal lobe with 1–2 small apical hooks (Figure 11C)………subgen. Callostuckenbergia – Juxtal lobe with one large apical hook (Figure 16)………4
4.	Vesica well developed, elongate; ventral lobe elongate, triangular (Figure 15C); propleuron bare; R1 setose………………subgen. Malawithyrsia – Vesica absent; ventral lobe stick-like, with small apical hook (Figure 16); propleuron setose; R1 bare………………subgen. Nguyenia
5.	Lateral styli extending far beyond the juxta (Figure 5B)………6 – Lateral styli not extending far beyond the juxta (Figure 9C)………8
6.	Lateral styli knee-like, narrowed and pointed apically (Figure 3B)………subgen. Batissophalla – Lateral styli stick-like, rounded apically (Figure 4A)………7
7.	Lateral styli straight, directed apically (Figure 5B)………subgen. Beziella –  Lateral styli distinctly curved ventrally (Figure 2C)………Bantumyia n. subgen.
8.	Juxtal lateral arms not longer than juxtal lobes (Figure 14C)………subgen. Draculana –  Juxtal lateral arms distinctly longer than juxtal lobes (Figure 8C)………9
9.	Juxtal lateral arms very thin and forked apically (Figure 17)………Palaeobrasia n. subgen. –  Juxtal lateral arms of another shape………10
10.	Vesica absent………subgen. Brasia – Vesica well developed, elongate–oval (Figure 7C)………subgen. Bilenemyia
11.	Juxta with a pair of very broad membranous lateral processes, almost entirely covering distiphallus laterally (Figure 18B)………12 – Juxtal lateral arms of another shape or absent………13
12.	Lateral styli very elongate, reaching far beyond the juxta; cerci strongly angled dorsally near the middle of its length (Figure 19B)………subgen. Erwinlindneria – Lateral styli medium length, not extending far beyond the juxta; cerci arcuate (Figure 20B)………subgen. Fanzidella
13.	Lateral styli strongly curved ventrally (Figure 22B)………14 – Lateral styli straight or slightly curved ventrally (Figure 30B)………15
14.	Basiphallus entirely occupies dorsal surface of distiphallus; juxta placed laterally and directed ventrally (Figure 25C)………subgen. Wittemyia – Basiphallus occupies less than 0.5× of dorsal surface of distiphallus; juxta placed dorsally and directed apically (Figure 21B)………subgen. Mitumbana
15.	Juxtal lateral arms conical, directed ventrally (Figure 24A)………subgen. Sarconimba – Juxtal lateral arms absent (Figure 33B)………………subgen. Zumptisca

Discussion

This work is a continuation and completion of the long-time research by the late Prof. Andy Z. Lehrer (1930–2014). He described in detail most of the new taxa (see list of references but especially Lehrer 1994, 1995, 2002b, 2003a, 2003b, 2005, 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2010; Lehrer & Lehrer 1992), included by us in the subtribe Erwinlindneriina, and created a large number of high-quality drawings of the male genitalia of these flies. We summarized the literary and original data and modernized the subtribe’s classification system, as well as created original keys for the determination of all genera, subgenera and species of Erwinlindneriina. These flies prefer humid shrublands at altitudes up to 2500 m (Zumpt 1972; Lehrer 2003b). The trophic connections of the larvae are almost unknown, but they have never been found in animal corpses or faeces. Most probably, they are predators or parasitoids of different terrestrial invertebrates, especially insects (Yan et al. 2021), as was indicated by two field studies (see Table 1).

Table 1. Trophic relations of the larvae of Erwinlindneriina.

Species of fly	Data on prey	Author of observation
Beziella bulamatadi (Curran, 1934)	Reared from pupa of Epicampoptera strandi Bryk, 1913 [Lepidoptera: Depanidae]	Ghesquière (1946)
Erwinlindneria furcadorsalis (Rohdendorf, 1931)	Larvae reared from adult of Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) [Orthoptera: Acrididae]	Rohdendorf (1931)

We have a well-supported indication that the tribe Sarcophagini originated in the New World, and if this taxon spread via the Beringian corridor, the African continent may therefore have been the last to be reached (Buenaventura et al. 2017; Buenaventura & Pape 2018). As it was already mentioned, the subtribe Erwinlindneriina includes species almost exclusively distributed in the Afrotropical Region, which means that it has diversified after the arrival to this continent. This makes studies of Afrotropical flesh flies particularly interesting.

Acknowledgements

The research leading to this publication received funding from “The support of the priority research areas development of Ukraine, KPKVK 6541230” to one of us (YV). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of our manuscript and their many insightful comments and suggestions. We thank Thomas Pape (Copenhagen), reviewers and editors for insightful comments and suggestions on a previous version of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the State Budget Program “Support for the Development of Priority Areas of Scientific Research” (Code: 6541230).