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Research Article

Into the New World: first report of introduction of the Portuguese millipede Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas, 1860) (Julida: Julidae) in South America and its potential invasion range into the continent

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Pages 187-196 | Accepted 30 Mar 2022, Published online: 30 Jun 2022
 

Summary

The Portuguese millipede Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas, 1860) is widespread by commerce in Atlantic Islands, Australia, and South Africa, besides being regarded as a pest infesting plantations of vegetables and fruits. To date, the species has never been recorded in South America. In this study, we report for the first time the occurrence of O. moreleti in Brazil, with adults and immatures collected in the municipality of Campos do Jordão, São Paulo state. A maximum entropy model was used to explore the predicted distribution of the species in South America. The results showed a highly suitable area in the continent (AUC = 0.987), mainly in the Atlantic Forest, and regions of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Considering percent contribution, the annual mean temperature (= 34%) and the temperature seasonality (= 33.4%) were the main variables which influenced the modeling. The potential risks of invasion of O. moreleti must be highlighted, including possible competition with native millipedes, its being a significant agricultural pest, and its successful invasion into new habitat without natural enemies.

Résumé

Vers le Nouveau Monde : premier signalement du mille-pattes portugais Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas, 1860) (Julida : Julidae) en Amérique du Sud et son aire d'invasion potentielle sur le continent. Le mille-pattes Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas, 1860) est répandu par le commerce dans les îles de l'Atlantique, en Australie et en Afrique du Sud, en plus d'être considéré comme un ravageur infestant les plantations de légumes et de fruits. À ce jour, l'espèce n'avait jamais été signalée en Amérique du Sud. Dans cette étude, nous rapportons pour la première fois la présence de cette espèce au Brésil, avec des adultes et des immatures collectés dans la municipalité de Campos do Jordão, État de São Paulo. Un modèle d'entropie maximale a été utilisé pour explorer la répartition prévue de l'espèce en Amérique du Sud. Les résultats ont montré une zone très appropriée sur le continent (AUC = 0,987), principalement sur la forêt atlantique, et des régions de l'Argentine, du Chili et de l'Uruguay. Compte tenu du pourcentage de contribution, la température moyenne annuelle (= 34%) et la saisonnalité de la température (= 33,4%) étaient les principales variables qui ont influencé la modélisation. Les risques potentiels d'invasion d'O. moreleti doivent être mis en évidence compte tenu d'une éventuelle concurrence avec les mille-pattes indigènes, de son caractère de ravageur agricole important, et de son invasion réussie dans un nouvel habitat sans ennemis naturels.

Acknowledgments

We are in debt to all residents and technical assistants at the Zoonoses of Campos do Jordão for kindly sending us specimens and for valuable comments on the biology of the species. We are grateful to Brigitte Frérot (INRAE) for numerous suggestions, and to the referees for their comments, which helped improve the quality of the paper. We would also like to offer our sincere thanks to the developers and service providers of GBIF for providing the access to all records used in this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by CAPES [grant number 88887.510007/2020-00, Finance Code 001 to RSB]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [grant number 162977/2020-4 to LFMI, 303903/20019-8 to ADB]; São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [grant number 2018/00103-8 to RSB].

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