Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots were exposed to various concentrations of Al and cell wall glycoproteins containing salt-extractable proteins, SDS-extractable proteins, covalently bound proteins (CBPs), and extensins were separately extracted. The changes in their levels and the amount of bound Al to glycoproteins upon Al stress were investigated. The content of CBPs, but not of others, increased significantly with the increase of Al levels. Extensins and the salt-extractable proteins, but not the others, exhibited a marked Al-binding capacity in vivo. The amount of Al bound to extensions in vivo and in vitro was highest among the glycoproteins. The high Al-binding capacity of extensins might be caused by the high content of the hydroxy groups in hydroxyproline of extensins and Al-binding capacity to glycoproteins in the root tips may be involved in the Al-binding response in the apoplast.
Abbreviations
| CBPs | = |
covalently bound protein |
| HRGP | = |
hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein |
Related Research Data
Root proteome and metabolome reveal a high nutritional dependency of aluminium in Qualea grandiflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae)
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Linking provided by
References
- Ahn , J.H. , Choi , Y. , Kim , S.G. , Kwon , Y.M. , Choi , Y.M. and Lee , K.S. 1998 . Expression of a soybean hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein gene is correlated with maturation of roots . Plant Physiol. , 116 : 671 – 679 .
- Bolwell , G.P. 1993 . Dynamic aspects of plant extracellular matrix . Int. Rev. Cytol. , 146 : 261 – 324 .
- Bonilla , I. , Mergold-Villasenor , C. , Campos , M.E. , Sanchez , N. , Perez , H. , Lopez , L. , Casstrejon , L. , Sanchez , F. and Cassab , G.I. 1997 . The aberrant cell walls of boron-deficient bean root nodules have no covalently bound hydroxyproline-/proline rich proteins . Plant Physiol. , 115 : 1329 – 1340 .
- Bradford , M.M. 1976 . A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding . Anal. Biochem. , 72 : 248 – 254 .
- Brady , J.D. and Fry , S.C. 1997 . Formation of di-isodityrosine and loss of isodityrosine in the cell walls of tomato cell-suspension cultures treated with fungal elicitors or H2O2 . Plant Physiol. , 115 : 87 – 92 .
- Carpita , N.C. 1996 . Structure and biogenesis of cell walls of grasses . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. , 47 : 445 – 476 .
- Casero , P.J. , Casimiro , I. and Knox , J.P. 1998 . Occurrence of cell surface arabinogalactan-protein and extensin epitopes in relation to pericycle and vascular tissue development in the root apex of four species . Planta , 204 : 252 – 259 .
- Cassab , G.I. 1998 . Plant cell wall proteins . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. , 47 : 445 – 476 .
- Fry , S.C. 1991 . Cell wall-bound proteins . Methods Plant Biochem. , 5 : 307 – 330 .
- Hoa , Le Van , Kuraishi , S. and Sakurai , N. 1994 . Aluminium-induced rapid root inhibition and changes of cell-wall components of squash seedlings . Plant Physiol. , 106 : 971 – 976 .
- Horst , W.J. 1995 . The role of the apoplast in aluminium toxicity and resistance of higher plants: A review . Z. Pfianzenernähr. Bodenkd. , 158 : 419 – 428 .
- Ingemarsson , B.S.M. 1995 . Ethylene effects on peroxidases and cell growth patterns in Picea adeas hypocotyl cutting . Physiol. Plant. , 94 : 211 – 218 .
- Kochian , L.V. 1995 . Cellular mechanisms of cellular toxicity and tolerance in plants . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. , 46 : 237 – 260 .
- Ma , J.F. , Yamamoto , R. , Nevins , D.J. , Matsumoto , H. and Brown , P.H. 1999 . Al binding in the epidermis cell wall inhibits cell elongation of okra hypocotyI . Plant Cell Physiol. , 40 : 549 – 556 .
- Matsumoto , H. 2000 . Cell biology of aluminum toxicity and tolerance in higher plants . Int. Rev. Cytol. , 200 : 1 – 46 .
- Merkouropoulos , G. , Barnett , D.C. and Shirsat , A.T. 1999 . The Arabidopsis extensin gene is developmentally regulated, is induced by wounding, methyl jasmonate, abscisic and salicylic acid, and codes for a protein with unusual motifs . Planta , 208 : 212 – 219 .
- McQueen-Mason , S.J. , Durachko , D.M. and Cosgrove , D.J. 1992 . Two endogenous proteins that induce cell wall extension in plants . Plant Cell , 4 : 1425 – 1433 .
- Parker , D.R. and Pedler , J.F. 1998 . Probing the ‘malate hypothesis’ of differential aluminum tolerance in wheat by using other rhizotoxic ions as proxies for Al . Planta , 205 : 389 – 396 .
- Rengel , Z. 1996 . Uptake of aluminum in plant cells . New Phytol. , 134 : 389 – 406 .
- Rincon , M. and Gonzales , R.A. 1992 . Aluminum partitioning in intact roots of aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars . Plant Physiol. , 99 : 1021 – 1028 .
- Ryan , P.R. , DiTomaso , J.M. and Kochian , L.V. 1993 . Aluminium toxicity in roots: an investigation of spatial sensitivity and the role of the root cap . J. Exp. Bot. , 44 : 437 – 446 .
- Sasaki , M. , Yamamoto , Y. , Ma , J.F. and Matsumoto , H. 1997 . Early events induced by aluminum stress in elongation cells of wheat root . Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. , 43 : 1009 – 1014 .
- Sasaki , M. , Yamamoto , Y. and Matsumoto , H. 1996 . Lignin deposition induced by aluminum in wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots . Physiol. Plant. , 96 : 193 – 198 .
- Shirsat , A.H. , Bell , A. , Spence , J. and Harris , J.N. 1996 . The Brassica napus extA extensin gene is expressed in regions of plant subject to tensile stresses . Planta , 199 : 618 – 624 .
- Showalter , A.M. 1993 . Structure and function of plant cell wall proteins . Plant Cell , 5 : 9 – 23 .
- Sivaguru , M. , Baluška , F. , Volkmamm , D. , Felle , F. and Horst , W.J. 1999 . Impacts of aluminum on the cytoskeleton of the maize root apex: Short-term effects on the distal part of transition zone . Plant Physiol. , 119 : 1073 – 1082 .
- Tabuchi , A. and Matsumoto , H. 2001 . Changes in cell wall properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots during aluminium-induced growth inhibition . Physiol. Plant. , 112 : 353 – 358 .
- Taylor , G.J. , Basu , A. , Basu , U. , Slaski , J.J. , Zang , G. and Good , A. 1997 . Al-induced, 51-kilodalton, membrane-bound proteins are associated with resistance to Al in a segregating population of wheat . Plant Physiol. , 114 : 363 – 372 .
- Wojtaszek , P. and Bolwell , G.P. 1995 . Secondary cell-wall-specific glycoprotein(s) from French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hypocotyls . Plant Physiol. , 108 : 1001 – 1012 .
- Wycoff , K.L. , Powell , P.A. , Gonzales , R.A. , Corbin , D.R. , Lamb , C. and Dixon , R.A. 1995 . Stress activation of a bean hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein promoter is superimposed on a pattern of tissue-specific developmental expression . Plant Physiol. , 109 : 41 – 52 .