Vol. 82 (2011)
No. 2 (pp. 97–186)
Original Papers
Effect of no-puddling and organic fertilizer application on water pollutant loads from paddy fields
Hisatomi HARADA*1,2, Hayato SHINDO*1, Chiharu ITO*1 and Hitomi KOBAYASHI*1
*1 Agric. Exp. Sta., Akita Pref. Agric., Forest. Fish. Res. Cent., *2 Present address: Natl. Inst. Livestock Grassland Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 97–104, 2011)
To clarify the influence of the extension of environment-friendly rice farming on the water environment, the effects of puddling omission and organic fertilizer application on the water pollutant loads from paddy fields during cultivation period were examined in the Hachirogata polder for 2004–2006. The soil type of the paddy fields was grey lowland soil. Controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (CRF) was applied in the nursery boxes for both puddling and no-puddling cultivations.
No-puddling cultivation effectively reduced the net emission loads of suspended substance (SS), total organic carbon, total nitrogen (T–N), and total phosphorus (T–P) from paddy fields in May, since there was no turbidity in ponding water by puddling or strong wind before rice transplanting. Through the cultivation period, no-puddling cultivation reduced by 340 kg ha−1 of SS and 1.4 kg ha−1 of T–N as net emission loads on average. Therefore, no-puddling cultivation is an important rice farming to reduce water pollutant load from paddy. Under the same fertilizer application, it is shown that the reduction in T–N and T–P emission loads by no-puddling cultivation was smaller than the reported values when CRF was applied only for no-puddling cultivation.
When the organic fertilizer with a fast degradation rate was applied at 0.67 Mg ha−1, an increase of net T–P emission load through the cultivation period and net T–N and T–P load in May was observed. Application of organic fertilizer raised water pollutant loads such as chemical fertilizer. The emission rate was less than 4% of the applied amount of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus by the fertilizer. The influence on water quality by organic fertilizer application is thought to be limited if the input of the fertilizer is in a similar level as in this study.
Key words: water pollutant load, organic fertilizer, puddling, no-puddling, paddy field
Varietals, soil pH and cropping system affect the cadmium content in soybean seeds
Takuji NAKAMURA*1, Ryo YAMAMOTO*2, Makita HAJIKA*1, Satoru ISHIKAWA*3, Norikazu NAKAYAMA*4, Motoki TAKAHASHI*5, Satoshi SHIMAMURA*1, Shinji SHIMADA*6, Shinsaku FUJIMORI*7 and Setsuko KOMATSU*1
*1 Natl. Inst. of Crop Sci., *2 Natl. Agric. Res. Cent., Tohoku Region, *3 Natl. Inst. for Agro-Environ. Sci., *4 Natl. Agric. Res. Cent. - Hokuriku Res. Cent., *5 Natl. Agric. Res. Cent., Kyushu Okinawa Region, *6 Natl. Agric. Res. Cent., *7 Natl. Agric. and Food Res. Org.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 105–113, 2011)
In this study, to obtain basic knowledge to develop a soybean planting system that reduced cadmium (Cd) content in seeds, using the combination of the control of soil pH, the cultivation techniques and soybean varieties which have low absorption capacity of Cd, we investigated (1) the varietals differences of the effect of soil pH correction on the inhibition of Cd absorption in pot experiment, (2) the effect of soil pH correction and tillage system on Cd content in seeds, and (3) the effect of the groundwater level on Cd content in seeds in a water table control system, “FOEAS.” And the following results were obtained.
In pot experiment, shoot Cd content was significantly reduced by treatment with calcium carbonate, and its treatment was particularly effective in the low Cd absorption type of soybean varieties. In field experiment, the result of application of other calcium materials such as calcium hydrated lime and gypsum indicated that the decrease of seeds Cd content was affected by soil pH rather than the differences of calcium materials. Especially, in non-tillage systems, gypsum application increased Cd content of seeds because of the reduction of soil pH. Therefore, it was suggested that the combination of correction of soil pH with soybean varieties, which was of low Cd absorption type, effectively decreased the Cd absorption in soybean. In addition, the control of the groundwater level in “FOEAS” system decreased seed Cd content. The control of groundwater levels was suggested to be effective in lower seed Cd content.
Key words: soybean, cadmium, FOEAS, tillage and non-tillage
Adsorption and retarded transport of nitrate in Andisol subsoils caused by the apparent salt sorption
Kazuki TAMURA*1, Osamu NAKAHARA*2, Shoichi TANAKA*3, Hidetaka KATOU*4 and Shuichi HASEGAWA*2
*1 Grad. Sch. Agric., Hokkaido Univ., *2 Res. Fac. Agric., Hokkaido Univ., *3 Kagoshima Pref. Inst. Agric. Dev., *4 Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 114–122, 2011)
Adsorption and retarded transport of nitrate () was studied using 9 Andisol subsoils in Japan. In all the soils investigated,
adsorption in the
concentration of 0–14 mM was caused almost exclusively by the apparent salt sorption, the simultaneous adsorption of equivalent amount of cations and anions, and was not accompanied by the desorption of indigenous sulfate through anion exchange. The
adsorption was approximated by a linear adsorption isotherm with the distribution coefficient, K
d, ranging from 0.3 to 1.6 L kg−1, which suggests that 25–70% of
in the subsoils were in the adsorbed phase. Nitrate transport in repacked soil columns showed increasing delay of
breakthrough with the increase in K
d. Retardation factor, R, obtained by fitting the convection–dispersion model to the experimental
breakthrough curves ranged from 1.3 to 3.2, and was in close agreement with that estimated from K
d for each soil. These results suggest that, in the absence of preferential flow,
travel distance is 0.3 to 0.8 times that of water flow, and can be predicted using K
d obtained from batch adsorption experiments.
Key words: adsorption, breakthrough curve, nitrate, retardation factor, volcanic ash soil
Effect of planting with leguminous green manure plant hairy vetch on growth and yield of succeeding crop soybean in a heavy clay soil field converted from paddy field
Takashi SATO*1, Sayuri YOSHIMOTO*1, Yui NAKAMURA*1, Emiko SATO*1, Fumiaki TAKAKAI*1, Takeshi SHIBUYA*2, Tadashi YOKOYAMA*3 and Yoshihiro KANETA*1
*1 Fac. Bio. Sci., Akita Pref. Univ., *2 Akita Agric. Exp. Cent., *3 Grad. Sch. Tokyo Univ. Agric. Tech.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 123–130, 2011)
We investigated an effect of planting with hairy vetch of a leguminous green manure crop on the growth and yield of second crop soybean in a heavy clay soil field converted from paddy field in Hachirogata polder, Japan, in 2005, 2006, and 2009.
In the hairy vetch planting treatment, the soil structure was developed by hairy vetch planting, and it was thought that the drainage characteristics of the field were improved by generating crack in the soil. In the hairy vetch planting treatment, the soil water was not saturated after rainfall, and then the soil was immediately drought up if there was no rainfall. It was suggested that the water permeability of the soil was improved by the roots' elongation of the hairy vetch.
The stem length and the dry weight of the soybean were promoted during the growth period, especially late growth stage. As for this, physical characteristics, such as soil moisture condition of the soil, were improved by the hairy vetch planting. In the hairy vetch planting treatment, the root of soybean spread more when compared with the no-planting treatment, and the roots elongated deeply into the soil along with the soil crack structure. The soybean yields in the hairy vetch planting treatment were about 30% higher than the no-planting treatment caused by increasing the pod number in 2006 and 2009. Thus, it was suggested that the growth and yield of the soybean were promoted by the hairy vetch planting before soybean cultivation in the heavy soil field converted from paddy field.
Key words: hairy vetch, heavy clay soil, soil improvement, soil moisture, soybean
Notes
Effects of carbonized poultry manure on physico-chemical properties of tropical acid soil and its nutrients release characteristics
Daisuke HATTORI*1,4, Tanaka KENZO*2, Yoshinori MYOUJIN*3 and Katsutoshi SAKURAI*3
*1 The United Grad. Sch. Agric. Sci., Ehime Univ., *2 Forestry and Forest Products Res. Inst., *3 Fac. Agric., Kochi Univ., *4 Present address: Tokushima Center for Climate Change Actions
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 131–133, 2011)
Estimation of shallow gravelly layer distribution by combined method with infrared color aerophotograph and topographic map before farm land consolidation
Ritsuko FUCHIYAMA*1, Takeshi OTA*1, Takashi KUSABA*2 and Michikazu FUKUHARA*3
*1 Natl. Agric. Res. Cent., * 2Natl. Agric. Res. Cent., Kyushu Okinawa Region, *3Japan Soil Association
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 134–138, 2011)
Current Topics
Method for manufacturing pellet fertilizer from food waste and its application for crop production
Haruhito YAMAZAKI*1, Atsushi KAMATA*1, Tomotaka ASANO*2, Kunio MARUOKA*1, Mayumi AIZAKI*1, Kazuhiro SATO*1 and Katsutoshi HATA*1
*1 Saitama Pref., *2 ASAHI INDUSTRIES CO., LTD.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 139–144, 2011)
Lectures
Research on transporters and its impact on the fields of soil science, fertilizers and plant nutrition.
7. Research on transporters and utilization of bio-resources for enhancing crop mineral content by ion transport control
Yuriko KOBAYASHI and Satoshi IUCHI
RIKEN BioResource Center, Experimental Plant Division
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 145–151, 2011)
Miscellaneous
Nutritional physiology of essential elements in higher plants
Amane MAKINO*1, Kuni SUEYOSHI*2, Yuji SUZUKI*1, Naoki KAWACHI*3, Keitarou TAWARAYA*4, Naoko OHKAMA-OHTSU*5, Hiromi NAKANISHI*6 and Toru FUJIWARA*6
*1 Grad. Schl. Agric. Sci., Fac. Agric., Tohoku Univ., *2 Fac. Agric. Niigata Univ., *3 Japan Atomic Energy Agency, *4 Fac. Agric.,Yamagata Univ., *5 Tokyo Univ. Agric. Tech., Fac. Agric., *6 Grad. Sch. Agric. Life Sci., Univ. Tokyo
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 152–159, 2011)
Application of molecular ecological techniques to study microbial communities in agricultural soils
Susumu ASAKAWA*1, Kazunari NAGAOKA*2, Hiroyuki SEKIGUCHI*3, Yasufumi URASHIMA*4,8, Yuko SUGA*5, Tomoyasu NISHIZAWA*6,9, Hiroyuki OHTA*6, Masatsugu YAMAZAKI*2 and Keishi SENOO*7
*1 Grad. Sch. Bioagric. Sci., Nagoya Univ., *2 Natl. Agric. Res. Cent., *3 Natl. Agric. Res. Cent., Hokkaido Reg., *4 Natl. Agric. Res. Cent., Tohoku Reg., *5 Natl. Agric. Res. Cent. West. Reg., *6 Col. Agric., Ibaraki Univ., *7 Grad. Sch. Agric. Life Sci., Univ. Tokyo, *8 Present address: Natl. Agric. Res. Cent., *9 Present address: Grad. Sch. Agric. Life Sci., Univ. Tokyo
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 160–165, 2011)
Strategy of adaptation and mitigation for global warming by using monitoring and prediction of carbon and nitrogen dynamics
Ichiro TANIYAMA*1, Kenji KOUNO*2, Ryusuke HATANO*3, Shigehiro ISHIZUKA*4, Takuji SAWAMOTO*5, Tamon FUMOTO*1, Toshihiro HASEGAWA*1, Hidemitsu SAKAI*1, Minako ADACHI*1, Takeshi TOKITA*1, Osamu NAGATA*6 and Sonoko D. KIMURA*7
*1 Natl Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci., *2 Hiroshima Univ., *3 Hokkaido Univ., *4 Kyushu Res. Cent. Forestry and Forest Products Res. Inst., *5 Rakuno Gakuen Univ., *6 NARO Hokkaido Agric. Res. Cent., *7 Tokyo Univ. Agric. Tech.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 166–172, 2011)
Present and future of soil testing – A star-studded line-up of schools
Shin-Ichiro WADA*1, Yoshihiro KANETA*2, Kazunobu TORIYAMA*3, Tetsuo ANZAI*4, Yuji HIKASA*5, Masaaki KOIWAI*6, Itsuo GOTO*7 and Syuntaro HIRADATE*8
*1 Kyushu Univ., *2 Akita Pref. Univ., *3 Japan International Res. Cent. Agric. Sci., *4 Zen-Noh, *5 Hokkaido Res. Org., *6 Japan BioFarm co.,ltd., *7 Tokyo Univ. Agric., *8 Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 173–178, 2011)
Report of 5th International Nitrogen Conference
Morihiro MAEDA
Grad. Sch. Environ. Sci., Okayama Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 179, 2011)
Abstracts of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 57, No. 1 (2011)
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 180–186, 2011)