(Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition)
Vol. 85 (2014)
No. 5 (pp. 393–491)
JSSPN Awards
Taxonomic study of soil bacteria and analysis of soil bacterial communities
Hiroyuki OHTA
Ibaraki Univ., Coll. Agric.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 393–396, 2014)
Ion adsorption and transport processes in Andosols
Hidetaka KATOU
Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 397–400, 2014)
Studies on the behavior of elements in soils using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Syuntaro HIRADATE
Biodiversity Div., Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 401–404, 2014)
JSSPN Technological Advancement Awards
Evaluation and application of soil management by plant reaction
Tomoji UCHIYAMA
Res., Inst., Env., Agric., Fish., Osaka Pref.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 405–407, 2014)
JSSPN Progress Awards
Development and dissemination of a low-input agricultural practice against desertification in the Sahel, West Africa
Kenta IKAZAKI
Grad. Sch. Urban Environ. Sci., Tokyo Metro. Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 408–409, 2014)
Estimation of regional greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural and forest ecosystems based on observations and a process-based model
Nobuko KATAYANAGI
Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 410–411, 2014)
Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of transport and tolerant mechanisms for elements
Takehiro KAMIYA
Grad. Sch. Agric. Life Sci., The Univ. Tokyo
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 412–413, 2014)
Development of wide-area digital soil information and its application
Yusuke TAKATA
Natl. Resources Inventory Ctr., Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 414–415, 2014)
Analysis of the chemical structure of soil humic acids using various degradative and spectroscopic techniques
Kosuke IKEYA
Grad. Sch. Bioagr. Sci., Nagoya Univ., Present address: Grad. Sch. Environ. Stud., Nagoya Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 416–417, 2014)
JSSPN Technological Advancement Progress Awards
Behavior of pesticides in agricultural land and inhibition of nitrification by a pesticide
Yukihiro YAMAMOTO
Chiba Pref. Agric. Forest. Res. Ctr.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 418–419, 2014)
Original Papers
Effects of crop rotation and rice straw incorporation in spring on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from an upland paddy field in a cold region of Japan
Hiroyuki SHIONO1, Hiroshi SAITO1,3, Fumihiro NAKAGAWA1,4, Seiichi NISHIMURA2,5 and Katsumi KUMAGAI1
1Yamagata Integr. Agric. Res. Ctr.; 2Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.; 3Present address: Yamagata Shonai Area Gen. Branch Admin. Office; 4Present address: Agric., Forest. Fish. Dept., Yamagata Pref. Govt. Office; 5Present address: Natl. Agric. Res. Ctr.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 420–430, 2014)
We conducted a field experiment in a paddy field in a cold region of Japan to elucidate the effects of crop rotation and rice straw application on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Methane and N2O fluxes were measured by the conventional closed-chamber method. The experimental field was divided into four plots: upland paddy with crop rotation, (i) with and (ii) without rice straw application (BR and BN, respectively), and upland paddy in consecutive paddy rice cultivation, (iii) with and (iv) without rice straw application (PR and PN, respectively). In the BR and BN plots, soybean was cultivated from 2006 to 2007 and then paddy rice was cultivated from 2008 to 2009. Paddy rice was cultivated consecutively in the PR and PN plots from 2006 to 2009. In 2006 and 2007, of the greenhouse gas emissions from the BR and BN plots, most was N2O, whereas from the PR and PN, plots most was CH4. The combined global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O for each year was 176–177 g CO2-eq m−2 in the BR plot and 157–207 g CO2-eq m−2 in the BN plot, which corresponded to 15–18 and 95–186% of those of the PR and PN plots, respectively. In 2008 and 2009, of the greenhouse gas emissions, most was CH4 for all plots. The combined GWPs for the BR and BN plots were 187–477 and 59–230 g CO2-eq m−2, respectively, which corresponded to 17–62 and 91–185% of those of the PR and PN plots, respectively. The total combined GWP of emissions from the BR plot for the 4 years was 1017 g CO2-eq m−2, which was 25% of that from the PR plot. On the other hand, the total combined GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions from the BN plot was 653 g CO2-eq m−2, which was 140% of that from the PN plot. These results indicate that crop rotation reduces GWP from upland-paddy fields, but is more effective if rice straw is incorporated in the soil. Further, rice straw incorporation is very effective at reducing GWP even with consecutive paddy cropping.
Key words: cold region of Japan, crop rotation, greenhouse gases, methane, nitrous oxide
Fertilization method suitable for use with cotton-mulch sheet for organic rice cultivation in low-fertility paddy fields of southwestern Japan
Takanori OOMORI1, Satoko YOKOTA1,2 and Kazuhiko TAKECHI1,3
1Ehime Pref. Res. Inst. Agric., Forest. Fish.; 2Present Address: Ehime Pref. Agric, Coll., 3Ehime Pref. Toyo Bureau
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 431–438, 2014)
We investigated which of two fertilization methods would be more suitable for organic rice cultivation when using cotton-mulch sheets in low-fertility paddy fields of southwestern Japan. The two methods were (i) application of fertilizer before puddling (fertilizer before puddling) and (ii) application of fertilizer before laying the cotton-mulch sheets (fertilizer before laying). With fertilizer before puddling, the measured soil inorganic nitrogen concentration was the same as in non-fertilized plots both before and after laying the cotton-mulch sheet, and the number of tillers that developed was also the same as in non-fertilized plots. With the fertilizer before laying method, soil inorganic nitrogen increased, the number of tillers and the straw weight increased, and the yield of rice was greater. With topdressing at the panicle formation stage, the number of grains per unit area, thousand-kernel-weight, unhulled rice weight and brown rice yield all increased. The rice growth and yield did not improve with intermediate topdressing (i.e., between planting and panicle formation). The recovery rate of nitrogen from fertilizer applied before laying was 35%, and from the fertilizer applied in topdressing at the panicle formation stage it was 58%. There was no apparent nitrogen recovery from the intermediate topdressing. These results indicate that intermediate topdressing is unnecessary for rice cultivation with cotton-mulch sheets. In terms of yield performance, lodging resistance and taste when using fertilizer before laying in low-fertility paddy fields, we found that the optimum nitrogen application rate is 8 g N m−2, followed by topdressing with 4 g N m−2 or less at the panicle-formation stage.
Key words: drainage, intermediate top-dressing, lodging, nitrogen recovery rate, soil inorganic nitrogen
Efficacy as a phosphorus fertilizer of biochar obtained from methane-fermentation digestion
Hirokuni IWASA1,3, Kenji SAITOH2 and Kazuyuki INUBUSHI3
1Chiba Pref. Agric. Forest. Res.Ctr.; 2Chiba Pref. Agric. Extension Div.; 3Grad. Sch. Hort., Chiba Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 439–445, 2014)
At the Yamada Biomass Plant in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, the final product of a methane-fermented mixture of cow manure and vegetable matter is separated into liquid and solid (dehydrated cakes) components. The dehydrated cakes are carbonized at 230–330°C using super-heated vapor to create biochar. We tested the efficacy of this biochar as a phosphorus source. The biochar contained 74.1 g kg−1 total phosphate, 40.9 g kg−1 citric acid-soluble phosphate and 2.0 g kg−1 water-soluble phosphate. Citric acid-soluble phosphate comprised 55.2% of the total phosphate. Water-soluble phosphate accounted for 4.9% of the citric acid-soluble phosphate, which is one twelfth of the value for superphosphate and eight times that of fused magnesium phosphate. We performed consecutive extractions of inorganic phosphate from biochar using, in order, water, 0.5 mol L−1 sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), 0.1 mol L−1 sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 1 mol L−1 hydrochloric acid (HCl). The biochar contained 1.7 g kg−1 water-extractable phosphate, 13.7 g kg−1 NaHCO3-extractable phosphate, 17.1 g kg−1 NaOH-extractable phosphate and 42.2 g kg−1 HCl-extractable phosphate. The available phosphate (sum of water-extracted phosphate and NaHCO3-extracted phosphate) accounted for 21% of the total extracted phosphate. We tested the efficacy of biochar as a phosphorus fertilizer by planting komatsuna (Brassica napa) in pots filled with either Andosol or Fluvisol soil. Biochar improved the growth of komatsuna in both types of soil. The efficacy of biochar as a phosphorus fertilizer was the same as that of inorganic phosphate fertilizers (superphosphate, multi-phosphate and fused magnesium phosphate).
Key words: Andosol, biochar, Fluvisol, methane fermentation-digested liquid, phosphorus fertilizer effect
Effect of deep placement of calcium cyanamide on winter wheat in a heavy clay upland field formerly used to grow paddy rice
Yoshihiro KANETA1, Sahoko GOTO1, Takashi SATO1, Fumiaki TAKAKAI1, Kentaro YASUDA1, Takashi NOSAKA2, Yasushi SAKASHITA2, Yasunori URANO3 and Takuji OHYAMA4
1Akita Pref. Univ.; 2Denki Kagaku Kogyo; 3Matsuyama; 4Fac. Agric., Niigata Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 446–452, 2014)
To support the cultivation of winter wheat in a heavy clay upland field previously used for paddy rice, we investigated the effect of deep placement of calcium cyanamide before sowing as compared with the conventional method of basal application of fertilizer to the plow layer and five topdressing applications during crop development to a total rate of 20 g nitrogen (N) m−2. A mixture of calcium cyanamide and urea was applied 10 cm below the wheat seeds. In an incubation experiment (25°C, 60% water holding capacity (WHC)), most of the ammonium nitrogen applied to the soil had changed to nitrate nitrogen by 3 d after ammonium sulfate addition. In contrast, the ammonium nitrogen remained even 20 d after calcium cyanamide addition. In the deep-placement plots with 20 and 15 g N m−2, the number of panicles per plant was equal to that in the topdressed plot. The amount of N uptake by wheat in the deep-placement plot with 20 g N m−2 was not significantly different from that in the topdressed plot and the deep-placement plot with 15 g N m−2. The recovery rate of basal N in the deep placement plots was significantly higher than that in the topdressed plot. Wheat yield in the deep placement plot with 20 g N m−2 was not significantly different from that in the topdressed plots and deep placement plots with 15 g N m−2. The crude protein content of grain in both of the deep-placement plots and the topdressed plot was within the appropriate range for noodle production. Deep placement of calcium cyanamide was effective for winter wheat cultivation in a heavy clay upland field converted from paddy production, and it appears that for deep placement, an application rate of 15 g N m−2 is just as effective as 20 g N m−2.
Key words: calcium cyanamide, converted paddy field, deep placement, drainage, nitrification, winter wheat
Notes
Borate cross-linking ratio of rhamnogalacturonan II as a diagnostic index of boron deficiency in broad bean grown in farmers’ fields
Toshiro MATSUNAGA1 and Naoya CHISHAKI2
1Agr. Res. Cent., Natl. Agr. Food Res. Org.; 2Fac. Agr., Kagoshima Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 453–457, 2014)
Comparison of silicate-supplying capacity in upland soils of Amami and Tanegashima Islands
Kenichi INOUE1, Toshiyuki MOCHIDA2, Kenichirou HASHIGUCHI2, Hiroyuki NISHI1 and Koji FURUE1
1Kagoshima Pref., Agric. Dev. Ctr.; 2Kagoshima Pref., Agric. Dev. Ctr., Tokunoshima
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 458–460, 2014)
Estimation of phosphoric acid and potassium fertilizer effect on the poultry manure compost by citric acid-soluble content examination by pot cultivation of Brassica campestris L. var komatsuna
Hiroshi OTABE1, Yutaka FUJITA1, 2, Toshihiro UETA1, 3 and Yoshiyuki ORIMOTO1, 4
1Hort. Inst., Ibaraki Agric. Ctr.; 2Present Address: Ibaraki Agric. Ctr.; 3Present Address: Ibaraki Pref. Gov., Agric. Management Div.; 4Present Address: Ibaraki Pref. Gov., Kennan Agric. Forest.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 461–465, 2014)
Lectures
Soil education practical course in school and society
1. The present conditions and problems of the soil education of Japan: Looking back on the activities of the board of soil education for 30 years
Tadashi FUKUDA
Musashino Gakuin Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 466–472, 2014)
Soil education practical course in school and society
2. A field guide to convey the importance of soil from the standpoint of observation of soil profile and productivity of agricultural field
Hideaki HIRAI1, Naoto OKAMOTO2, Kenta KOGURE2 and Yoshihide NUNOKAWA3
1Fac. Agric., Utsunomiya Univ.; 2Tochigi Pref. Museum.; 3Present address: Hanyuda elementary school of Mibu-machi, Tochigi Pref.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 473–480, 2014)
Miscellaneous
Outline of the 54th science technology week event: Let’s make shiny mad dumpling!
Ikuko AKAHANE1 and Hideaki HIRAI1
1Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.; 2Utsunomiya Univ., Fac. Agric.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 481, 2014)
Report on the 20th World Congress of Soil Science Pre-Congress Tour “Japan Volcanic Soil Tour”
Naoya KATSUMI
Shikawa Pref. Univ., Bioresources Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 482–483, 2014)
Abstracts of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 60, No. 3 (2014)
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 85, 484–488, 2014)