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Articles

Climate Change Changes Religion

Space, Spirit, Ritual, Technology – through a Theological Lens

Pages 98-118 | Published online: 27 Oct 2009
 

Notes

2. Katherine Richardson in her speech at the Climate Congress in Copenhagen, 12 March 2009. Cited 21 April 2009. Online: http://climatecongress.ku.dk/speakers/katherinerichardson-plenarysession-10march2009.pdf/.

3. Cf. Heinz Ohff, William Turner: Die Entdeckung des Wetters (Munich: Piper, 1991), and H. Joachim Schlichting, Wolken – Gedanken des Himmels. Cited 21 April 2009. Online: http://www.uni-muenster.de/imperia/md/content/fachbereich_physik/didaktik_physik/publikationen/wolken___gedanken_des_himmels.pdf.

4. For an excellent discussion of the complexity of what constitutes an environmental problem see: Getachew Woldemeskel, “Vad är ett mijlöproblem?” in Miljöetik: för ett samhälle på människans och naturens villkor (ed. Uno Svedin and Anne-Marie Thunberg; FRN Rapport 94:2; Stockholm: Forskningsrådsnämnden, 1994), 90–98.

On the moral obligation of environmental science (which is different from natural science) see S. Bergmann, “Naturauffassung und Gottesbild: Was trägt die Theologie zur Umweltwissenschaft bei?” in Geist, der lebendig macht: Lavierungen zur ökologischen Befreiungstheologie (S. Bergmann; Frankfurt/M.: IKO-Verlag für interkulturelle Kommunikation, 1997), 178–189.

5. Susan A. Crate and Mark Nuttall, “Introduction: Anthropology and Climate Change,” in Anthropology & Climate Change: From Encounters to Actions (ed. Susan A. Crate and Mark Nuttall; Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press, 2009), 9–36, 12.

6. Crate and Nuttall, Anthropology, 9.

7. David Adam, “World will not meet 2C warming target, climate change experts agree,” The Guardian (14 April 2009). Cited 26 May 2009. Online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/apr/14/global-warming-target-2c.

8. Cf. Michael S. Northcott, A Moral Climate: The Ethics of Global Warming (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 2007), 15.

9. Cf. Sigurd Bergmann, “Der Geist unserer Zeit: Zur Verwandlung von Schöpfung, Wissenschaft und Religion im Klimawandel,” Salzburger Theologische Zeitschrift 12 (2008): 27–47.

11. Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IFEES), http://ifees.org.uk.

12. The EKD published in 1995 its study Gefährdetes Klima. Cited 31 October 2007. Online: http://www.ekd.de/EKD-Texte/44652.html, and its chair, bishop Wolfgang Huber, has addressed decision makers in: Es ist nicht zu spät für eine Antwort auf den Klimawandel, May 2007. Cited 27 February 2008. Online: http://www.ekd.de/EKD-Texte/20070530_appell_klimawandel.html. As representative for many others I refer to A Southern Baptist Declaration on the Environment and Climate Change, 2008, THE OTIN TAAI DECLARATIONThe Pacific Churches Statement on Climate Change, 2004, and the Statement by His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I. for the WCC working group on climate change, 12 August 2005.

13. World Council of Churches (WCC), The Atmosphere as Global Commons: Responsible Caring and Equitable Sharing, 2000. Cited 31 October 2007. Online: http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/cop6-e.html.

14. Cited 31 October 2007. Online: http://www.ecen.org/cms/index.php?page=climatechange.

15. Karen L. Bloomquist with Rolita Machila, eds., God, Creation and Climate Change: A resource for reflection and discussion (Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 2009). Karen L. Bloomquist, ed., God, Creation and Climate Change (Theology in the Life of the Church 5; Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 2009). Further materials, incl. Climate Change - Facing Our Vulnerability, cited 22 April 2009. Online: http://www.lutheranworld.org/News/LWI/EN/2300.EN.html.

16. Cf. Barbara R. Rossing, “'Hastening the Day' When the Earth Will Burn? Global Warming, Revelation and 2 Peter 3,” CurTM 35:5 (October 2008): 361–371.

19. Cf. Timothy B. Leduc, “Sila dialogues on climate change: Inuit wisdom for a cross-cultural interdisciplinarity,” Climatic Change (2007): DOI 10.1007/s10584-006-9187-2.

20. Cf. S. Bergmann, “Theology in its Spatial Turn: Space, Place and Built Environments Challenging and Changing the Images of God,” Religion Compass 1 (2007): 353–379.

22. Cf. Nadine Pence Frantz, “Material Culture: Understanding, and Meaning: Writing and Picturing,” JAAR 66 (1998): 791–815.

23. Nick Spencer and Robert White, Christianity, Climate Change and Sustainable Living (London: SPCK, 2007), 187.

24. Herbert Marcuse, Der eindimensionale Mensch (Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp, 1967), 172f.

25. Max Frisch, Homo faber: Ein Bericht (Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp, 1953).

26. Andrew Feenberg, Heidegger and Marcuse: The Catastrophe and Redemption of History (New York/London: Routledge, 2005), 106.

27. Albert Borgmann, Technology and the Character of Contemporary Life: A Philosophical Inquiry (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1984), 40.

28. Albert Borgmann, Power Failure: Christianity in the Culture of Technology (Grand Rapids :Brazos, 2003), 126.

29. Richard Sennett, The corrosion of character: The personal consequences of work in the new capitalism (New York: Norton, 1998). Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1958), 40.

30. Tim Ingold, The Perception of the Environment: Essays in Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill (London/New York: Routledge, 2000), 166ff.

31. On modern indigenous arts and crafts in the Saami (Sub)Arctic, Aboriginal Australia and Peru see S. Bergmann, Så främmande det lika: Samisk konst i ljuset av religion och globalisering (Trondheim: Tapir, 2009), [So Strange The Similar: Saami Arts in the Horizon of Religion and Globalization].

32. S. Bergmann, ed., Architecture, Aesth/Ethics and Religion (Frankfurt/M./London: IKO-Verlag für interkulturelle Kommunikation, 2003). S. Bergmann, “Atmospheres of Synergy: Towards an Ecotheological Aesth/Ethics of Space,” Ecotheology: The Journal of Religion, Nature and the Environment (2006): 327–357.

33. Gernot Böhme, Für eine ökologische Naturästhetik (Frankfurt/M.:Suhrkamp, 1989), 8.

34. On the theology of “gift events” in our context see Anne Primavesi, Gaia and Climate Change: A Theology of Gift Events (London/New York: Routledge, 2009).

36. S. Bergmann, “Theology in its Spatial Trun,” 353–379.

37. Cf. Michael S. Northcott, Climate, 7, 118, and David Atkinson, Renewing the Face of the Earth: A Theological and Pastoral Response to Climate Change (London: Canterbury Press Norwich, 2008), 93ff.

38. Edward W. Soja, Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), 35.

39. Edward W. Soja, Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places (Malden/Oxford/Carlton: Blackwell, 1996; repr., 2004).

40. Cf. S. Bergmann, “Lived Religion in Lived Space,” in Lived Religion: Conceptual, Empirical and Theological Approaches (ed. H. Streib, A. Dinter and K. Söderblom; Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2008), 197–209.

41. Cf. S. Bergmann, Creation Set Free: The Spirit as Liberator of Nature (Sacra Doctrina: Christian Theology for a Postmodern Age 4; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2005), 300ff.; in German: Geist, der Natur befreit (Mainz: Grünewald, 1995); in Russian: (Arkhangelsk: Arkhangelsk University Press, 1999).

42. On the challenge of climate change to a revised self-understanding of the churches see Ernst Conradie, The Church and Climate Change (Pietermaritzburg: Cluster Publications, 2008).

43. For a more detailed reflection about Space and Spirit, see: S. Bergmann, Raum und Geist: Zur Erdung und Beheimatung der Religion (forthcoming Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 2010)

44. Roy R. Rappaport, Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

45. Rappaport, Ritual, ch. 14.

46. Catherine Bell, Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions (New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), xi.

47. Roy R. Rappaport, Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968), and Rituals, 411. Cf. Ronald Grimes, 2003, “Ritual Theory and the Environment,” The Sociological Review 51/2, 31–45.

48. Rappaport, Rituals, 451ff.

49. For a more detailed discussion see Anna Petersson, “Things as links between person and place,” in Nature, Space and the Sacred: Transdisciplinary Perspectives (ed. Sigurd Bergmann et al.; Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009).

50. For an analysis of the built space of Frankfurt airport and its visitors and employees' movements, territories and feelings in a phenomenological and practical-theological perspective see Kerstin Söderblom, “The Phenomenon of Mobility at the Frankfurt International Airport: Challenges from a Theological Perspective,” in The Ethics of Mobilities: Rethinking Place, Exclusion, Freedom and Environment (ed. Sigurd Bergmann and Tore Sager; Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008), 177–193.

51. Cf. S. Bergmann, ed., Theology in Built Environments: Exploring Religion, Architecture & Design (Piscataway, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2009).

52. Hope for the Future! The Uppsala Interfaith Climate Manifesto 2008, Faith Traditions Addressing Global Warming. Cited 22 April 2009. Online: http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/default.aspx?di=173302.

53. Research that is envisioned in this article was initiated in 2007 by the European Forum for the Study of Religion and the Environment (EFSRE) and the Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research (PIK): http://www.hf.ntnu.no/relnateur/index.php?lenke=religion_and_climate_change.php and a first publication is on its way: S. Bergmann and D. Gerten, eds., Religion in Dangerous Environmental Change: Transdisciplinary Perspectives on the Ethics of Climate and Sustainability (Studies in Religion and the Environment 2; Berlin-Münster-Wien-Zürich-London: LIT, 2009).

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