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Synthetic Communications
An International Journal for Rapid Communication of Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Volume 39, 2008 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Efficient and Inexpensive Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Quinoxalines

, &
Pages 175-188 | Received 10 Apr 2008, Published online: 15 Feb 2011
 

Abstract

o-Phenylenediamines were reacted with carbonyl compounds, β-ketoesters, and 1,2-diketones in presence of ammonium salts to give benzimidazoles and quinoxalines in very good yields. Ammonium salts are commercial and environmentally benign catalysts.

Notes

Reaction carried out with 4 mol of NH4X.

a

Isolated and unoptimized yields.

b

Isolated and unoptimized yields.

a

Note. All the compounds (3a–i) were characterized by their spectral data (1H NMR, IR, and MS) and compared with authentic samples.

a Isolated and unoptimized yields.

a All the reactions were carried out with 1 mol of NH4Br; isolated yields and unoptimized yields.

a Isolated and unoptimized yields.

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