ZnO Nanoparticles: A Mild and Efficient Reusable Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of 4-Amino-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles Under Aqueous Conditions

Abstract

An efficient method for the synthesis of 4-amino-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles by three-component reaction of malononitrile, aldehydes, and N-unsubstituted amidines, under aqueous conditions, using ZnO nanoparticles as catalyst is reported. The catalyst exhibited remarkable activity and is recyclable.

Keywords:

• Aldehydes
• amidines
• 4-amino-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles
• malononitrile
• ZnO nanoparticles

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors are thankful to the Alzahra Research Council for partial financial support.

Notes

^a Reaction conditions: benzaldehyde 1 (1 mmol), malononitrile 2 (1 mmol), guanidinum carbonate 3 (1 mmol), and ZnO nanoparticles (10 mol%), H₂O, room temperature.

^a Reaction conditions: benzaldehyde 1 (1 mmol), malononitrile 2 (1 mmol), guanidinum carbonate 3 (1 mmol), and ZnO nanoparticles (10 mol%), H₂O, room temperature.

^a Reaction conditions: benzaldehyde 1 (1 mmol), malononitrile 2 (1 mmol), N-unsubstituted amidines 3 (1 mmol), and ZnO nanoparticles (10 mol%), H₂O, room temperature, 15 min.

Note. All reactions were carried out at 300 W of microwave irradiation.