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Synthetic Communications
An International Journal for Rapid Communication of Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Volume 40, 2010 - Issue 24
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Original Articles

Solvent-Free Knoevenagel Condensation over Cobalt Hydroxyapatite

, &
Pages 3710-3715 | Received 05 Aug 2009, Published online: 09 Nov 2010
 

Abstract

The Knoevenagel condensation between various aldehydes (benzaldehyde, 1-naphthaldehyde, p-bromobenzaldehyde and p-methoxybenzaldehyde) and esters (ethylcyanoacetate, ethylacetoacetate and diethylmalonoester) was carried out under solvent free condition in the presence of cobalt hydroxyapatite (CoHAp), as a catalyst. Good to excellent yields (35–96%) were obtained. The catalyst is found to be superior over fluorapatite and several other heterogeneous catalysts. The catalyst can be recycled at least 3 times.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research has been supported by a grant from National Research Foundation and the University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban-Westville Campus. Manoharan Karuppiah Pillai thanks the National Research Foundation and the University of KwaZulu Natal for postdoctoral bursary.

Notes

Yields are in mol %; time is in minutes.

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