Three-Component, One-Pot Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles Catalyzed by TiCl₄-SiO₂ Under Conventional Heating Conditions or Microwave Irradiation

Abstract

In this study, silica-supported titanium tetrachloride was prepared and used as a novel catalyst for rapid and efficient synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles by a three-component, one-pot condensation of 1,2-diketones and aryl aldehydes in excellent yield under solvent-free conditions using conventional heating or microwave irradiation.

Keywords:

• Microwave irradiation
• silica-supported titanium tetrachloride
• solvent-free conditions
• three-component reaction
• 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Research Council of the University of Kashan.

Notes

^a All reactions were done for 60 min under conventional heating conditions and for 10 min at microwave irradiation.