Sulfonic acid–functionalized magnetic Fe_3-xTi_xO₄ nanoparticles: New recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives

ABSTRACT

In this work, titanomagnetite nanoparticles (Fe_3-xTi_xO₄) have been used as a novel suppport for the synthesis of a magnetic acidic catalyst. These nanoparticles were functionalized with sulfonic acid groups to prepare the Fe_3-xTi_xO₄@SO₃H nanoparticles. The synthesized acidic nanoparticles have been explored as new and efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for a one-pot, three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans known as 4H-chromenes and 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. The structure of the catalyst was established by infrared, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The reactions proceed smoothly to furnish the respective products in excellent yields and short reaction times. The facile reaction conditions, easy isolation of the products, versatility, and easy magnetic separation and reusability of the catalyst with no significant loss of activity are the main merits of the present method.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Chromene
• magnetic catalyst
• nanocatalyst
• pyranopyrazole
• titanomagnetite