Synthetic strategies and functional reactivity of versatile thiophene synthons

Abstract

Thiophenes are a highly important group of heterocycles and have been of great interest to researchers due to their various reactivities. Many synthetic strategies are used to generate functionalized thiophene derivatives. Several reactions are described, depending on the reactivity of the substituents attached to the thiophene nucleus toward different nucleophiles to yield the versatile thiophene products. Many diverse applications have been utilized for thiophenes from medicinal chemistry to material science.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Fiesselmann synthesis
• Fishwick synthesis
• Gewald synthesis
• Hinsberg synthesis
• Paal–Knorr synthesis
• thiophenes