A short review on synthetic strategies toward glitazone drugs

Abstract

Glitazones are an important class of prescription drugs used to treat type II diabetes (T2DM). These drugs reduce blood sugar levels by targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and act as insulin sensitizers. There are currently several FDA-approved glitazones. This review describes the synthetic strategies used for manufacturing of these drugs, in particular focusing on synthesis by commercially available thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) on both bench and industrial scales. Further, an insight into the chiral approaches reported for enantiomers of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone is given. A brief description about the history of glitazones is also provided. This short review is aimed at providing a holistic understanding of the challenges and issues associated with implementing an effective strategy for synthesis of these drugs.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Anti-diabetic agent
• glitazones
• Knoevenagel condensation
• thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD)

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India for the facilities extended during the course of this work.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Integral BioSciences Pvt. Ltd. C-64, Hosiery Complex, Phase-II Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201306, India.