Microwave-assisted solvent-free tandem cross-metathesis/intramolecular isomerization-cyclization reaction for the synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles: It’s computational analysis

Abstract

The microwave-assisted solvent-free reaction has been developed for the rapid synthesis of different pyrrole derivatives using cross-metathesis (CM) between N-allylamines and α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with moderate to good yields. This method is solvent free, facile, rapid, and high yielding reaction for the synthesis N-substituted pyrrole derivatives. The effect of microwave irradiation versus classical thermal conditions is demonstrated through a series of comparative cross-metathesis reactions. In the present eco-friendly approach, the combination of solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiations leads to a substantial reduction in reaction times with improved yields. The computational analysis revealed that the microwave irradiation conditions favored the interconversion of ruthenacyclobutane (RuG to RuH) approximately 10-fold more than the conventional heating. Exclusive formation of pyrrole ring system (cyclization- aromatization cascade reaction) over piperazinone (aza-michael product) has been explained through DFT calculations.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Solvent-free reaction
• microwave irradiation
• N-substituted pyrrole
• cross-metathesis
• computation analysis

Acknowledgment

The author AK is thankful to CSIR (file no 09/591(0148)/2017-EMR-I) for funding and all the authors are thankful Jamia Hamdard for providing facilities and support. SS thanks DST-SERB (SR/FT/CS-16/2011) for funding this work.

Disclosure statement

Authors has no conflict of interest.