Synthesis of β-phosphonomalonates using a recyclable choline hydroxide catalyst

Abstract

Choline hydroxide (ChOH) is an effective ionic liquid (IL) that enables the straightforward construction of β-phosphonomalonates in basic medium. A variety of compounds, including aromatic/heterocyclic and aliphatic aldehydes (1a–p) were reacted with dicyanomethane (2) and diethyl phosphonate (3) to produce the targeted products in good yields (4a–p). The constructed compounds as well as the IL were characterized using spectral ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P NMR.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Eco-friendly method
• good yields
• ionic liquid
• short reaction times

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by a Yeungnam University Grant (2023).