Modelling transient response using PAC 2002-based tyre model

Abstract

Tyre, being the most important component of any vehicle, has been studied to quite a lot since its invention. Although, many different tyre models are being used for analysing steady-state tyre forces, there is not enough emphasis on including the transient response in detail. Although, steady state tyre model can be helpful in understanding handling characteristics of the vehicle, it fails when a vehicle undergoes rapidly changing driving conditions. Consequently, a transient effect due to the interaction of tyre inertia with stiffness and damping characteristics introduces delay in the handling response. Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to improve the transient modelling based on PAC2002 tyre model and its implementation with full vehicle to control extreme transient effects under fish hook and straight line abs braking conditions. To meet the objective, we first present a detailed literature review of transient modelling techniques and discuss about the mathematical models for first and second order transient models. We also discuss ways to introduce cross-coupling effects. After validating the models with Rill's work and other experimental results available in the literature, we discuss about the performance of transient models with PAC2002 under different operating conditions and compare the result with CARSIM, steady-state and first order transient model. The analysis presented in the paper can be useful in improving the safety and comfort of the vehicle.

Keywords:

• Tyre modelling
• second-order transient model
• coupled relaxation length
• PAC2002 model

Acknowledgments

Aashish Shaju acknowledges the fellowship provided by the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD), New Delhi.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The work is partially supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi (1080/NS).