Trends, prospects and the socio-economic contribution of poultry production in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

SUMMARY

Animal-derived foods are critically important for a healthy and productive society. Consumption of chicken products globally is now outstripping that of other foods of animal origin. Although chicken production is one of the fastest-growing agricultural sectors, worldwide, such growth is not reflected in many SSA countries. The aims of this paper are to review, summarise and publicise the trends, opportunities and constraints to the stakeholders of poultry production in the region. Published data shows that future consumption projection rates are highest for white-meat and eggs. Regardless of country’s economic level, poultry industry has taken the lead in the production of animal products. Globally, chickens account for 91% of the world’s total poultry population and are contribute around 89% and 92% of poultry meat and egg production, respectively. Increased per capita income, population growth and enhanced communication are the driving forces for poultry improvements in SSA countries. The demand for foods of animal origin is expected to grow by 70% (2005–2050), and the highest expected shares would be contributed by poultry meat (121%) and eggs (65%). In SSA, due to low productivity, the growing demand for animal products has not been accompanied by an equivalent growth in local production. The shortfall between demand and supply has necessitated significant importation of poultry products. Challenges to poultry industry in Africa are inadequate grain production, a shortage of 1-day-old chicks, disease prevalence and the low purchasing power. It is projected that by 2025, around 186% (as compared to 2011) of soybean meal will be imported by SSA to fill the gaps. The main challenge to chicken production in the region is addressing the general problem in the overall agricultural system. It can be concluded that poultry production in SSA has a bright future to meet the demands of foods of animal origin, providing that improvements are made to address the weaknesses in the agricultural system and in doing so reduce the reliance on importation.

KEYWORDS:

• Animal products
• constraints
• malnutrition
• opportunities
• protein sources
• per capita consumption

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Mammo M. Erdaw

Mammo M. Erdaw is a senior researcher and PhD holder.

Wude Ts. Beyene

Wude Ts. Beyene is a researcher and PhD holder.