Abstract
Extract
Systemic insecticides were first used in the treatment of cattle lice in 1947 when 2-pivalyl-1-1, 3-indandione was administered orally to cattle infested with the short-nosed cattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus). Unfortunately the extrapolation of toxicological data from laboratory animals to field conditions proved faulty and the cattle died (Bushland et al., Citation1963).