Abstract
Extract
It is not known when pathogenic leptospires first became established in New Zealand. The first land mammals to arrive in this country about 1,200 years ago were human beings, dogs and the kiore, Rattus exulans. It cannot be determined if leptospirosis also arrived at that time. It is more likely that most, if not all pathogenic leptospires arrived with intentional and unintentional mammalian imports in the late 18th and 19th centuries.