Notes
1I do not wish to suggest a single, clearly defined group. The term “community” aims at an individual perception of human beings that is socially determined and constructed. Therefore, a community develops out of subjective criteria, and not out of objective criteria such as language or a common genealogical origin (CitationWeber 1999).
7Although contact with Muslims extends over centuries, contemporary European society is just beginning to come to terms with the permanent settlement within their midst of communities distinguished by their socio-cultural and religious background (CitationHusain 2000: 2).
10Dress worn by both women and men in South and Central Asia. It consists of trousers (shalwar), which are wide at the top and narrow at the ankle, and a long shirt (kameez or kurta). Women additionally wear a long scarf (dupatta), with which they may cover their hair.
11The German interviews were translated into English by the author.
16Similar statements also come up in public talks about the duties of women and men in Islam or on the position of women in Islam.
Weber
,
Max
.
1999
.
Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft: die Wirtschaft und die gesellschaftlichen Ordnungen und Mächte: Nachlass
,
Tübingen
:
Mohr
.
Dümmler
,
Kerstin
.
2010
.
Gender Equality as ‘Cultural Stuff’: Ethnic Boundary Work in a Classroom in Switzerland
.
Diversities
,
12.1
:
19
–
37
.
Alexander
,
Claire E.
1996
.
The Art of Being Black. The Creation of Black British Youth Identities
,
Oxford
:
Clarendon P
.
Espiritu
,
Yen Le
.
2001
.
‘We Don't Sleep Around Like White Girls Do’: Family, Culture, and Gender in Filipina American Lives
.
Signs
,
26.2
:
415
–
440
.
Ahmed-Ghosh
,
Huma
.
2004
.
Portraits of Believers: Ahmadi Women Performing Faith in the Diaspora
.
Journal of International Women's Studies
,
6.1
:
73
–
92
.
Valentine
,
Simon R.
2008
.
Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice
,
New York
:
Columbia UP
.
Gualtieri
,
Antonio
.
1989
.
Conscience and Coercion. Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan
,
Montreal
:
Guernica
.
Gualtieri
,
Antonio
.
2004
.
The Ahmadis. Community, Gender, and Politics in a Muslim Society
,
Montreal
:
McGill-Queen's UP
.
Friedmann
,
Yohanan
.
2003
.
Prophecy Continuous. Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and its Medieval Background
,
New Delhi
:
Oxford UP
.
Walter
,
Howard A.
1918
.
The Ahmadiyya Movement
,
London
:
Oxford UP
.
Schröter
,
Hiltrud
.
2002
.
Ahmadiyya-Bewegung des Islam
,
Frankfurt am Main
:
Hänsel-Hohenhausen
.
Kaushik
,
Surendra N.
1996
.
Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan. Discrimination, Travail, and Alienation
,
New Delhi
:
South Asian Publishers
.
Abenante
,
Diego
.
2000
.
The Roots of Political Instability in Pakistan: The ‘Anti-Qadiani’ Agitation of 1949–53
.
Sociology
,
34.3
:
3
–
21
.
Ahmed-Ghosh
,
Huma
.
2006
.
Ahmadi Women Reconciling Faith with Vulnerable Reality Through Education
.
Journal of International Women's Studies
,
8.1
:
36
–
51
.
Meier
,
Markus
,
Müller
,
Monica
and
Eisenegger
,
Mark
.
2004
.
Typisierung jüdischer Akteure in den Medien. Vergleichende Analyse von jüdischen und muslimischen Akteuren in der Berichterstattung Deutschschweizer Medien
,
Zürich
:
Eidgenössische Kommission gegen Rassismus EKR
.
Ettinger
,
Patrick
.
2008
.
The Problematisation of Muslims in Public Communication in Switzerland
,
Zurich
:
Fög
.
Fög Discussion Paper 2008-0004
Husain
,
Fatima
and
O'Brien
,
Margaret
.
2000
.
Muslim Communities in Europe: Reconstruction and Transformation
.
Current Sociology
,
48.4
:
1
–
13
.
Bourdieu
,
Pierre
.
1979
.
Entwurf einer Theorie der Praxis: auf der ethnologischen Grundlage der kabylischen Gesellschaft
,
Frankfurt am Main
:
Suhrkamp
.
Bourdieu
,
Pierre
.
1999
.
“
Narzisstische Reflexivität und wissenschaftliche Reflexivität
”
. In
Kultur, soziale Praxis, Text. Die Krise der ethnographischen Repräsentation
,
Edited by:
Berg
,
Eberhard
and
Fuchs
,
Martin
.
365
–
374
.
Frankfurt am Main
:
Nomos
.
Mayring
,
Philipp
.
2000
.
Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlage und Techniken
,
Weinheim
:
Deutscher Studien Verlag
.
Ahmed-Ghosh
,
Huma
.
2004
.
Portraits of Believers: Ahmadi Women Performing Faith in the Diaspora
.
Journal of International Women's Studies
,
6.1
:
73
–
92
.
Goffman
,
Erving
.
1977
.
The Arrangements Between the Sexes
.
Theory and Society
,
4.3
:
301
–
331
.
Bartkowski
,
John P.
and
Ghazal Read
,
Jen'nan
.
2003
.
Veiled Submission: Gender, Power, and Identity among Evangelical and Muslim Women in the United States
.
Qualitative Sociology
,
26.1
:
71
–
92
.
Ahmed-Ghosh
,
Huma
.
2006
.
Ahmadi Women Reconciling Faith with Vulnerable Reality Through Education
.
Journal of International Women's Studies
,
8.1
:
36
–
51
.
Ahmed-Ghosh
,
Huma
.
2006
.
Ahmadi Women Reconciling Faith with Vulnerable Reality Through Education
.
Journal of International Women's Studies
,
8.1
:
36
–
51
.
Dümmler
,
Kerstin
.
2010
.
Gender Equality as ‘Cultural Stuff’: Ethnic Boundary Work in a Classroom in Switzerland
.
Diversities
,
12.1
:
19
–
37
.
Baghdadi
,
Nadia
.
2010
.
“
‘Die Muslimin’ im Spannungsfeld von Zuschreibung, Abgrenzung und Umdeutung
”
. In
Muslime in der Schweiz
,
Edited by:
Allenbach
,
Brigit
and
Sökefeld
,
Martin
.
213
–
240
.
Zurich
:
Seismo
.
Baghdadi
,
Nadia
.
2008
.
Und plötzlich bist du DIE Muslimin. Grenzen, Differenzen und Verortung im Kontext Arbeit: weibliche Fachleute aus Nahost, Mittlerem Osten und Südosteuropa in der Schweiz
,
Bern
:
Diss. U of Bern
.
Alexander
,
Claire E.
1996
.
The Art of Being Black. The Creation of Black British Youth Identities
,
Oxford
:
Clarendon P
.
Espiritu
,
Yen Le
.
2001
.
‘We Don't Sleep Around Like White Girls Do’: Family, Culture, and Gender in Filipina American Lives
.
Signs
,
26.2
:
415
–
440
.
Espiritu
,
Yen Le
.
2001
.
‘We Don't Sleep Around Like White Girls Do’: Family, Culture, and Gender in Filipina American Lives
.
Signs
,
26.2
:
415
–
440
.
Dümmler
,
Kerstin
.
2010
.
Gender Equality as ‘Cultural Stuff’: Ethnic Boundary Work in a Classroom in Switzerland
.
Diversities
,
12.1
:
19
–
37
.
Ahmed-Ghosh
,
Huma
.
2004
.
Portraits of Believers: Ahmadi Women Performing Faith in the Diaspora
.
Journal of International Women's Studies
,
6.1
:
73
–
92
.