Exploring the Landscape and Trajectories of Women’s Movements and Islam in the “Post-reformation” Era in Indonesia

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Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

¹ According to data from PEKKA (Perempuan Kepala Keluarga; Female Headed Family), there are two million families who haven’t registered their marriages because of poverty.

² Rumah Kitab was founded by leading Muslim feminist Lies Marcoes, author of many influential books of women and Islam. Her latest her publication is Merebut Tafsir (Contesting/Snatching Interpretation).

³ This movement was initiated by Musdah Mulya, a prominent scholar activist who works with millennials.

⁴ AMAN Indonesia, led by Ruby Kholifah, is connecting regional and international networks through Islam, gender, and mostly on peace issues, especially using digital platforms to conduct digital reviews of the implementation of Congress of Women Ulamas Result. This organization is not even using gender or women, but mainstreaming gender in many details of their works.

⁵ Some of the countries joining the First Indonesian Ulama Congress are: Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, et cetera. See, AMAN Indonesia (2021).

⁶ Important actors at the Center for Women Studies of UIN Jogjakarta who actively influence Muhammadiyah religious decisions are Ruhaeni Dzuhayatin, Alimatul Qibtiyah, and Wawan Gunawan.

⁷ Solidaritas Perempuan was initiated by several prominent activists in the 1990s, such as Tati Krisnawaty, Yanti Mochtar, et cetera.

⁸ Tumbu Saraswati dan Nursyahbani Katjasungkana were the two pioneers behind the existence of the domestic violence law and other human rights laws, when they become Parliament members in collaboration with other elements of CSO.

⁹ Based on my PhD research on Indonesian migrant domestic workers in Saudi Arabia.

¹⁰ Nur Rofiah initiated a digital preaching/discussion forum called KGI: Keadilan Gender Islam (Islamic Gender Justice). She wrote a book titled Nalar Kritis Muslimah (Muslim Women Critical View), Afkaruna, Bandung.