Herb–drug interaction: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-hypertensive drug amlodipine besylate in presence of Lepidium sativum and Curcuma longa

Abstract

1. Effects of Lepidium sativum and Curcuma longa were investigated on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antihypertensive drug (amlodipine).

2. Hypertensive rats were treated with amlodipine, Lepidium sativum, Lepidium sativum + amlodipine, Curcuma longa and Curcuma longa + amlodipine, and their blood pressures were measured. Amlodipine in plasma samples was analysed using UPLC-TQD. Product ions of amlodipine were monitored at m/z 409.18 > 238 and 409.18 > 294, and of nitrendipine at m/z 361.16 > 315.1 and 361.16 > 329.10.

3. Lepidium sativum + amlodipine treatment showed highest reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Mean anti-hypertensive effect of Lepidium sativum and Curcuma longa was similar to amlodipine. Mean SBPs (1–24 h) of amlodipine, Lepidium sativum, Lepidium sativum + amlodipine, Curcuma longa and Curcuma longa + amlodipine-treated animals were found as 149.5 ± 2.4 mmHg, 151.6 ± 1.09 mmHg and 141.8 ± 2.5 mmHg, 154.9 ± 2.2 mmHg and 144.4 ± 2.6 mmHg (p-value ≤0.05), respectively. Lepidium sativum and Curcuma longa significantly increased amlodipine C_max by 83% (p-value 0.018) and 53% (p-value 0.035), and AUC_0–t by 48% (p-value >0.05) and 56% (p-value 0.033), respectively.

4. Results of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are in agreement. Lepidium sativum and Curcuma longa augment antihypertensive effect of amlodipine, which is also supported by pharmacokinetic observations.

Keywords:

• Amlodipine
• Curcuma longa
• Lepidium sativum
• blood pressure hypertension

Acknowledgement

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through research group no (RG-1435-041).

Disclosure statement

The authors report no declarations of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, research group no. “RG-1435-041”.