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Articles

Modifications on the bovid bone assemblage from Dunefield Midden, South Africa: stage one of a multivariate taphonomic analysis

Pages 238-275 | Published online: 06 Dec 2010
 

Abstract

A three-stage taphonomic analysis was performed on the small, small-medium and large bovid bone assemblages from Dunefield Midden, an open-air Later Stone Age site on South Africa's west coast. The results of the first stage of the analysis, which focuses on surface and subsurface bone modifications, are presented here. A forthcoming paper will detail the subsequent two stages, in which skeletal element abundance, longbone breakage patterns and overall taphonomic variability are investigated. The Dunefield Midden bovid bone assemblages are amenable to such an indepth study since they were subjected to a comprehensive refitting operation, with particular emphasis on longbone reconstruction. This enabled the systematic incorporation into the analysis of shaft fragments, a crucial yet frequently ignored component of mammalian zooarchaeological assemblages. Including shafts not only improves estimates of skeletal element abundance and thus our understanding of how prehistoric foragers acquired, transported and distributed animal carcasses, but also yields better assessments of the techniques employed for carcass butchery and bone processing. This paper explores the latter two aspects of subsistence at Dunefield Midden by integrating quantitative and configurational data on bovid bone modifications. It shows that the assemblage was principally shaped from within-bone nutrient acquisition by humans. Variation in bone modification patterning is suggested to stem largely from size-related differences in butchery effort and utility-related differences in skeletal element treatment.

Le corpus des petits, moyens et grands bovidés du site Later Stone Age de Dunefield Midden (West Coast, Afrique du Sud) a fait l'objet d'une analyse taphonomique tripartite. La première étape de cette analyse, présentée dans cet article, se consacre à l’étude des modifications des états de surface. Les deux étapes suivantes, dont les résultats seront prochainement publiés dans ce même journal, abordent la question de la représentation des éléments squelettiques, des modalités de fracturation des os longs et discutent plus généralement de la variabilité des processus taphonomiques. L’étude détaillée du corpus faunique des bovidés repose notamment sur un long travail de raccord des vestiges osseux et sur une attention toute particulière portée à l’étude des os longs. Cette étude intègre ainsi une analyse systématique des fragments de diaphyse, élément essentiel mais généralement écarté de l’étude archéozoologique des mammifères. Les informations livrées par l’étude des diaphyses améliorent notre estimation de la représentation des éléments squelettiques, et consécutivement notre interprétation des stratégies d'acquisition, de transport et d'exploitation des carcasses, et restituent par ailleurs une image plus fidèle des techniques de boucherie et de traitement des os. Cet article explore ces aspects de la subsistance dans le site LSA de Dunefield Midden en privilégiant l'apport des données quantitatives et représentatives des modifications des os de bovidés. Cette étude montre que l'assemblage faunique reflète principalement des activités humaines liées à l'acquisition des nutriments intra-osseux. Les variations observées dans les modifications des os témoigneraient ainsi d'investissements différents accordés aux activités de boucherie et de traitement des carcasses en fonction des apports nutritionnels escomptés.

Acknowledgements

I thank Peter Mitchell for inspired doctoral supervision; John Parkington for guidance and access to the Dunefield Midden fauna; Judith Sealy, Jack Fisher and Genevieve Dewar for advice; the University of Cape Town Department of Archaeology for substantial laboratory space; Delores Jacobs for enormous help with refitting; Peter Nilssen and Richard Klein for generously making their data available; John Lanham and Duncan Miller for photography assistance; and Alison Wilkins for digitising the bone refit illustrations. Guillaume Porraz kindly translated the abstract into French. I am also grateful to Oxford University Press, St Hugh's College and the University of Oxford African Studies Centre for funding.

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