Abstract
THE LANDSCAPE CONTEXT of the early 9th-century monument known as the Pillar of Eliseg is interrogated here for the first time with GIS-based analysis and innovative spatial methodologies. Our interpretation aims to move beyond regarding the Pillar as a prominent example of early medieval monument reuse and a probable early medieval assembly site. We argue that the location and topographical context of the cross and mound facilitated the monument’s significance as an early medieval locus of power, faith and commemoration in a contested frontier zone. The specific choice of location is shown to relate to patterns of movement and visibility that may have facilitated and enhanced the ceremonial and commemorative roles of the monument. By shedding new light on the interpretation of the Pillar of Eliseg as a node of social and religious aggregation and ideological power, our study has theoretical and methodological implications for studying the landscape contexts of early medieval stone monuments.
Résumé
Positionnement du « pilier d’Eliseg » : mouvement, visibilité et mémoire dans le paysage du début du Moyen-Âge par Patricia Murrieta-Flores et Howard Williams
Le paysage dans lequel s’inscrit le monument du début du 9ème siècle dénommé « pilier d’Eliseg » est examiné ici pour la première fois à l’aide d’une analyse SIG et de méthodologies spatiales innovatrices. Notre interprétation cherche à aller au-delà de la considération du « pilier » en tant qu’exemple proéminent de réemploi d’un monument et site probable d’assemblée au début du Moyen-Âge. Nous avançons que l’emplacement et le contexte topographique de la croix et du monticule étaient significatifs d’un monument qui incarnait le locus du pouvoir, de la foi et de la commémoration au début du Moyen-Âge, dans une zone frontalière contestée. Nous montrons que le choix de cet emplacement spécifique se rapporte aux schémas de mouvement et de visibilité qui ont pu faciliter et renforcer les rôles cérémoniel et commémoratif du monument. En apportant un nouvel éclairage à l’interprétation du « pilier d’Eliseg » comme nœud d’agrégation sociale et religieuse et de pouvoir idéologique, notre étude a des implications théoriques et méthodologiques pour l’exploration du paysage dans lequel s’inscrivent les monuments de pierre du début du Moyen-Âge.
Zusammenfassung
Die Säule von Eliseg und ihr Standort: Bewegung, Sichtigkeit und Reminiszenz in der Landschaft des frühen Mittelalters von Patricia Murrieta-Flores und Howard Williams
Der landschaftliche Kontext des als Säule von Eliseg bekannten Monuments aus dem frühen 9. Jahrhundert wird hier erstmals mithilfe GIS-gestützter Analysen und innovativer, räumlich orientierter Methodik untersucht. Unsere Interpretation geht über die traditionelle Einstufung der Säule von Eliseg als prominentes Beispiel eines frühmittelalterlichen Monuments und wahrscheinlicher Versammlungsstätte hinaus. Es wird dargelegt, dass sowohl der Standort als auch der topografische Kontext des Kreuzes und Erdwalls auf die Bedeutung des Monuments als frühmittelalterlicher Ort der Macht, des Glaubens und des Gedenkens in einem umkämpften Grenzgebiet hindeuten. Die spezifische Standortwahl wird zu Bewegungs- und Sichtigkeitsmustern in Beziehung gesetzt, welche die Rolle des Monuments als zeremoniellen Ort und Gedenkstätte unterstreichen und bestätigen. Die Interpretation der Säule von Eliseg als Zentrum sozialer und religiöser Aggregation sowie ideologischer Macht wird neu beleuchtet, wobei die Studie theoretische sowie methodologische Implikationen für die Erforschung frühmittelalterlicher Steinmonumente in ihrem landschaftlichen Kontext aufweist.
Riassunto
La collocazione della Colonna di Eliseg: lo spostamento, la visibilità e la memoria nel paesaggio altomedievale di Patricia Murrieta-Flores e Howard Williams
Si esamina qui per la prima volta il contesto paesaggistico del monumento del IX secolo noto come la Colonna di Eliseg facendo ricorso all’analisi basata sul sistema informativo geografico (GIS Geographic Information System) e su metodologie spaziali innovative. La nostra interpretazione si prefigge di andare al di là della considerazione che la colonna costituisce un importante esempio di riutilizzazione di un monumento altomedievale e probabilmente un sito di riunione nell’Alto Medioevo. Noi sosteniamo che la posizione e il contesto topografico del tumulo con la croce hanno facilitato l’aspetto significativo del monumento in quanto località di potere, di fede e di commemorazione in una contesa zona di frontiera. Si dimostra qui come la precisa scelta della località sia in relazione a schemi di spostamenti e di visibilità che possono avere favorito e sottolineato il ruolo cerimoniale e commemorativo del monumento. Dando nuova luce all’interpretazione della Colonna di Eliseg come centro di aggregazione sociale e religiosa e di potere ideologico, il nostro studio ha implicazioni teoretiche e metodologiche per l’esame dei contesti paesaggistici dei monumenti in pietra altomedievali.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the HER of Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust for supplying details of archaeological sites in the vicinity of the Pillar of Eliseg. We would like to thank Rhiannon Comeau, Nancy Edwards, Dai Morgan Evans, Tim Malim, Keith Ray, Marion Shiner, Gary Robinson and Rachel Swallow for guidance and critical comments. All arguments and errors remain the authors’ responsibility. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) ERC grant ‘The Past in its Place’ (agreement no 284085).
Notes
25 Semple and Sanmark Citation2013, 528–32; parallels might be found in the work of Elizabeth FitzPatrick on the relationship between assembly places, ancient monuments and landscapes of varied geologies making them attractive for seasonal hunting: Fitzpatrick Citation2012; Citation2015.
36 For a view of assembly places as zones in the early medieval Welsh landscape, see Comeau Citation2014, 278–81. See Seaman (Citation2016, 41) regarding the twinning of ecclesiastical and hilltop sites which might provide parallels to the association of the Pillar with Castell Dinas Brân and Llangollen.
71 While admitting the challenges of confirming the locations of gateways through Offa’s Dyke, Ray and Bapty (Citation2016, 228–51) propose convincing potential instances.
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