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abstract
Only two species of the genus Scleranthelia Studer, 1878 are known: S. rugosa (Pourtalés, 1867) has been reported in European waters, and S. thomsoni Williams, 1987 from south-eastern Africa. In this paper, Scleranihelia microscelera sp. nov., the third species of the genus to be discovered, is described from the Strait of Gibraltar and Canary Islands. The distinguishing characters of this species are the small size of the calyx plates, and the distinctive shape of the stolon plates.