Abstract
SUMMARY: The richness of post-medieval mortuary archaeology is explored through a broad number of cases, also identifying trends in research agendas and theoretical approaches, through time. This article considers the archaeology of burial and mourning; the osteological study of demography and health; the reconstruction of the individual biographies of the dead and hitherto marginalized histories, with a focus on the archaeology of the United Kingdom, but with reference to work which has taken place elsewhere, including Europe and North America, reflecting the past emphasis of Post-Medieval Archaeology. The growth of forensic archaeology is discussed, as well as technological developments in the study of the dead. Work on the ontological and ethical status of the dead in archaeology is explored. In conclusion, some of the major challenges to the field, including those of cross-disciplinary work and public engagement, are highlighted.
Résumé
La richesse de l’archéologie mortuaire postmédiévale est examinée à travers l’étude de nombreux cas. L’évolution des tendances dans les programmes de recherche et les approches théoriques est identifiée. Cet article traite de l’archéologie de l’inhumation et du deuil, l’étude ostéologique de la démographie et de la santé, la reconstruction des biographies individuelles des morts et les histoires jusqu’à présent marginalisées, avec une attention particulière portée à l’archéologie du Royaume-Uni, mais avec des références aux travaux menés ailleurs, tel qu’en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, qui reflètent l’emphase passée de PMA. L’essor de l’archéologie médico-légale est également discuté, ainsi que les développements techniques dans l’étude des morts. Le travail sur le statut ontologique et éthique de la mort en archéologie est exploré. Pour conclure, l’accent est mis sur quelques changements majeurs dans la discipline, tels que la pluridisciplinarité et l’engagement du public.
Zusammenfassung
Die Reichhaltigkeit der nach-mittelalterlichen Archäologie wird untersucht durch eine breite Anzahl von Fällen, die auch Trends in Untersuchungen und theoretische Annäherungen durch die Zeiten einbeziehen. Dieser Artikel setzt sich auseinander mit der Archäologie von Begräbnis und Klagen; der osteologischen Studie der Bevölkerungswissenschaft und Gesundheit; der Rekonstruktion von individuellen Biographien der Toten und bisher an den Rand gedrängter Geschichte, mit dem Blickpunkt auf das ‚Vereinigte Königsreich‘, aber mit Referenz auf Plätze von anderswo, einschließlich Europa und Nord Amerika, was die vergangenen Schwerpunkte der PMA reflektiert. Die Entwicklung der Gerichtsmedizin wird erörtert, wie auch die technische Entwicklung im Studium der Toten. Arbeit über die ontologische und ethische Stellung der Toten in der Archäologie wird erkundet. Zusammenfassend, einige der Hauptherausforderungen dieses Feldes, einschließlich der übergreifend disziplinarischen Arbeiten und öffentlichen Verpflichtungen, werden behandelt.
Riassunto
La ricchezza dell’archeologia funeraria post-medievale sarà esplorata attraverso un vasto numero di casi, identificando anche le tendenze dell’agenda di ricerca e degli approcci teorici nel tempo. Questo articolo considererà l’archeologia delle sepolture e del lutto; lo studio osteologico della demografia e della salute; la ricostruzione delle biografie individuali dei defunti, storie fino a questo momento marginali, concentrandosi sull’archeologia del Regno Unito, ma facendo riferimento a lavori che sono stati portati avanti altrove, in Europa e Nord America incluse, e che riflettono la passata attenzione di Post-Medieval Archaelogy. Saranno discussi la crescita dell’archeologia forense, così come gli sviluppi tecnici nello studio dei resti umani. Il lavoro condotto sullo status ontologico ed etico della morte in archeologia sarà esplorato. In conclusione saranno evidenziate alcune delle maggiori sfide del settore, incluse quelle del lavoro inter-disciplinare e dell’impegno pubblico.
Resumen
Este artículo explora la riqueza de la arqueología funeraria post-medieval a través de un amplio número de ejemplos; también identifica las tendencias en los programas de investigación y los enfoques teóricos empleados a través del tiempo. Se tendrá en cuenta la arqueología del enterramiento y del duelo; el estudio osteológico de la demografía y de la salud; la reconstrucción de las biografías individuales de los fallecidos y e historias marginadas, centrado en el Reino Unido, se hará referencia al trabajo realizado en otros lugares, tanto en Europa como en América del Norte, reflejando el contenido de Post-Medieval Archaeology. Se mencionará el creciente interés por la arqueología forense, así como el uso de nuevas tecnologías. Se explorará también el tema del estatus ontológico y ético en los restos excavados. Para concluir se resaltarán algunos de los principales retos existentes en la disciplina, sobre todo el trabajo interdisciplinario y la participación del público.
Notes
13 University of Leicester Graveyards Group Citation2012, 190.
39 University of Leicester Graveyards Group Citation2012, 175.
41 University of Leicester Graveyards Group Citation2012, 189.
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