Abstract
SUMMARY: The archaeology of modern cities has grown enormously over the past half-century, driven in large part by developer-funded urban renewal. This activity has utilized a diverse array of methodological approaches, research paradigms and scales of analysis — a diversity increasingly reflected in the pages of Post-Medieval Archaeology. In this paper, we review the development of urban archaeology, with a particular focus on material remains from the past two or three centuries. We emphasize the role played by commercial archaeology and the growing importance of community engagement, along with changing theoretical models and the emergence of new analytical technologies.
Résumé
L'archéologie des villes modernes s’est véritablement développée au cours du dernier demi-siècle, conduite en grande partie par le renouveau urbain financé par les aménageurs. Cette activité a eu recours à un panel varié d'approches méthodologiques, de paradigmes de recherche et d'échelles analytiques — une diversité de plus en plus représentée à travers les pages de Post-Medieval Archaeology. Dans cet article, nous examinons le développement de l'archéologie urbaine, avec une attention particulière portée aux vestiges matériels des deux ou trois derniers siècles. Nous soulignons le rôle joué par l'archéologie commerciale et l'importance grandissante de l'engagement de la communauté, ainsi que les modèles théoriques changeants et l'émergence de nouvelles techniques d’analyse.
Zusammenfassung
Seit dem letzten halben Jahrhundert ist die Archäologie der modernen Städte enorm gewachsen, die Erneuerung wurde hauptsächlich vorangetrieben durch finanzierende Bauunternehmer. Diese Aktivität hat eine große Anzahl von verschiedenen Methoden angewendet, Untersuchungsmodelle und Ansätze zur Analyse — eine Vielfältigkeit, die sich mehr und mehr auf den Seiten der nach-mittelalterlichen Archäologie widerspiegelt. In diesem Journal besprechen wir die Entwicklung städtischer Archäologie, indem wir uns besonders auf die materiellen Überreste der letzten beiden Jahrhunderte konzentrieren. Wir betonen auch die Rolle der kommerziellen Archäologie und das wachsende Engagement der Gesellschaft, neben den sich ändernden theoretischen Modellen und dem Erscheinen neuer analytischer Technologien.
Riassunto
L’archeologia delle città moderne ha visto un’enorme crescita durante l’ultimo secolo, guidata in gran parte dal rinnovo urbanistico finanziato dai costruttori. Questa attività ha fatto ricorso a una vasta gamma di approcci metodologici, paradigmi di ricerca e scale di analisi; una diversità riflessa in crescendo nelle pagine di Post-Medieval Archaeology. In questo articolo passiamo in rassegna lo sviluppo dell’archeologia urbana, con un interesse particolare ai resti materiali databili agli ultimi due o tre secoli. Poniamo l’enfasi sul ruolo giocato dall’archeologia legata all’edilizia e sulla crescente importanza dell’impegno della collettività, unitamente ai cambiamenti nei modelli teorici e all’emergere di nuovi metodi analitici.
Resumen
La arqueología de las ciudades modernas ha crecido enormemente en el último medio siglo, impulsada en gran parte por la renovación urbanística financiada por promotores. Esta actividad ha adoptado una gran variedad de enfoques metodológicos, de investigación, con escalas diversas de análisis, mostrando una diversidad que se ha ido reflejando cada vez más en las páginas de Post-Medieval Archaeology. En este artículo revisamos el desarrollo de la arqueología urbana, centrándonos en los restos materiales de los últimos dos o tres siglos. Hacemos hincapié en el papel que han jugado las empresas arqueológicas y también la creciente importancia que ha cobrado la participación de la sociedad, junto con el cambio de modelos teóricos y la aparición de nuevas tecnologías analíticas.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Alasdair Brooks for inviting us to reflect on 50 years of urban archaeology around the world. We would like to thank József Laszlovszky for his assistance with accessing materials, as well as Susan Lawrence and two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments on earlier versions of this paper.
Notes
44 OASIS (oasis.ac.uk); ArchWilio (cofiadurcahcymru.org.uk); Digital Archaeological Record (core.tdar.org); FAIMS (fedarch.org); NSW Archaeology Online (nswaol.library.usyd.edu.au).
59 Cessford Citation2009; see Newman Citation2001 chapter 4 for brief overview of urban archaeology and industrialization in the United Kingdom.
103 Gibbs & Gojak Citation2009. In the UK context, the Advisory Panel on the Archaeology of Burials in England (APABE) provides ethical, legal and scientific advice on dealing with archaeological burials.
129 Crewe Citation2012; McNeil Citation2006; Nevell Citation2005. A number of studies on the industrial archaeology of 19th-century Manchester, including research on mills and transport infrastructure, have been published in Industrial Archaeology Review.
135 World Urbanization Prospects data from the Population Division of the United Nations http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup, [accessed 10 November 2015].
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