Ukraine within the USSR: An Economic Perspective, 1928/29–1932 and 1959–1980

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Notes

1. Leshuk, US Intelligence Perceptions of Soviet Power 1921–1946, 33.

2. Kubijovic, Encyclopedia of Ukraine, 588.

3. Investigation of the Ukrainian Famine, 1932–1933, First Interim Report of Meetings and Hearings of and before the Commission on the Ukraine Famine, 44.

4. Kubijovic, Encyclopedia of Ukraine, 588.

5. The share of national income included in the unified (total) budget of the USSR—measured as a percentage of the budget relative to national income—was consistently rising. In 1959–1961 the budget was equal to 51.7% of national income. It rose to 51.8% in 1961–1965, 53.0% in 1966–1970, 56.7% in 1971–1975, and 65.0% in 1976–1980. In the 20-year period of 1961–1980, the ratio was 58.1%. Calculated from the data in the statistical yearbooks Narodnoe Khoziaistvo SSSR in 1961, 598, 761; in 1963, 501, 654; in 1965, 591–781; in 1975, 563, 742; in 1980, 380, 522; Gosudarstvennyi byudzhet SSSR i buydzhety soyuznykh respublik, 1966–1970, 11. table 2.

6. In the USSR “the operation of the law of value is limited by the social ownership of the means of production, and by the law of balanced development of the national economy, and is consequently also limited by our yearly and five-year plans …” (Stalin, Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR, 22).

7. “In a socialist economy price serves as the most important instrument of planned distribution of the national income as well as of ascertainment of the value relationships between consumption and accumulation. Through the use of price, consumption of goods and services is regulated; the necessary proportions in the structure of consumption are determined by the aid of purposeful establishment of relationships among prices for goods …” (Suchkov, Dokhody gosudarstvennogo byudzheta SSSR, 161).

8. Melnyk, “Regional Aspects of Capital Formation,” in Bandera and Melnyk, The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective, 105.

9. Akademiya Nauk Ukrayinskoyi RSR, Natsionalnyi dokhod Ukrayinskoyi RSR, 128–31.

10. Ekonomika Radyanskoyi Ukrayiny, no. 2, March–April, 1964, 115.

11. For a discussion of this and some alternative approaches, see Melnyk, Soviet Capital Formation, 12–17.

12. Tables covering the periods 1928/29–1932, 1959–1970 and 1971–1980 are identified as parts A, B, and C, respectively. Their resources as well as sources for these time periods in the exhibits are, respectively, 1928/29–1932: Melnyk, Soviet Capital Formation; 1959–1970: idem, “Capital Formation and Financial Relations”, Chap. 10; 1971–1980: idem, “Ukraine within the Soviet Economy: Transfer of Wealth,” presented at the conference on “Problems and Issues in Nationhood: Ukraine in the Twentieth Century,” University of Illinois, 29 June 1984; 1959–1961: Bandera and Melnyk, The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective.

13. Melnyk, Soviet Capital Formation, 1928/29–1932.

14. References to “tables” in the actual tables identify relevant supporting data in the cited publications.

15. Melnyk, Soviet Capital Formation, 90–105, Chap. VI, 90–105. See also Melnyk, “Financial Relations between Ukraine and Moscow in 1959–1961,” 21–47; idem, “The Regional Aspect of Capital Formation,” in Bandera and Melnyk, The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective, 104–31.

16. Melnyk, Soviet Capital Formation, 108.

17. See idem, “Capital Formation and Financial Relations,” 268–99; idem, “The Economic Price of Being a Soviet Republic,” 153–72.

18. The hitherto unpublished results of the analysis of the 1971–1980 period were presented originally by Z. L. Melnyk at the conference on “Problems and Issues in Nationhood: Ukraine in the Twentieth Century,” University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 29 June 1984, as “Summery of Economic-Financial Analysis and Statistical Data” in the session on “Ukraine within the Soviet Economy: Transfer of Wealth.”

19. Melnyk, Soviet Capital Formation, 107–08.

20. See idem, “The Economic Price of Being a Soviet Republic,” 156–59.