The Religious Dimension of Post-Communist “Ethnic” Conflict

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Notes

1. Berger, The Sacred Canopy, 44.

2. Ibid., 44–45.

3. From Gill, The Council of Florence, 244, cited in Binns, An Introduction to the Christian Orthodox Churches, 217.

4. Payne, “Orthodoxy, Islam, and the ‘Problem’ of the West”; and McDaniel, “Islamic and Orthodox Conceptions of Wealth and Economics”.

5. Marsh, “Religion and Nationalism”

6. Varshney, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life, 5.

7. Johnston and Sampson, Religion, the Missing Dimension of Statecraft; Hatzopoulos and Petito, Religion in International Relations; Johnston, Faith-Based Diplomacy; Fox and Sandler, Bringing Religion into International Relations; Hanson, Religion and Politics in the International System Today; Albright, The Mighty and the Almighty.

8. de Waal, Black Garden.

9. See Zdravomyslov, Mezhnatsional'nye konflikty v postsovetskom prostranstve.

10. Tishkov, Chechnya.

11. Ibid., 179.

12. Ibid., 169.

13. Cornell, “Religion as a Factor in Caucasian Conflicts,” 46–68.

14. Nordquist, “Religion and Armed Conflict.”

15. Cornell, “Religion as a Factor in Caucasian Conflicts.”

16. Warhola, “The Religious Dimension of Ethnic Conflict in the Soviet Union,” 259.

17. Ibid., 252.

18. Ibid., 253.

19. Ibid., 259.

20. Demoyan, Turtsiya i karabakhskii konflikt: Istoriko-sravnitel'nyi analiz. See particularly Chapters 8 and 9 dealing with “Islamic Solidarity as a Factor of Turkey's Foreign Policy” and “Islamic Mercenaries in the Karabakh War.”

21. Sells, The Bridge Betrayed.

22. Interview with the author, Stepanakert, 17 October 2006.

23. Tishkov, Chechnya, 47.

24. Andrew McGregor, “Crescent under the Cross: Shamil Basaev's Orthodox Enemy,” The Jamestown Monitor—Chechnya Weekly 7, no. 4, 26 January 2006 (http://www.jamestown.org/chechnya_weekly), accessed 25 March 2006.

25. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict, 41–54.

26. Varshney, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life, 5.

27. Sells, The Bridge Betrayed; Powers, “Religion, Conflict and Prospects for Reconciliation in Bosnia, Croatia and Yugoslavia”; Schäfer, “The Janus Face of Religion.”

28. Marty and Appleby, “Remaking the State,” 620–43.

29. Marsh, “Religion and Nationalism.”

30. Yang, Chinese Christians in America.

31. Gifford, African Christianity, 26.

32. Wellman Jr. and Tokuno, “Is Religious Violence Inevitable?,” 291–98.

33. Juergensmeyer, Terror in the Mind of God. See also idem, The New Cold War?, in particular his chapter on “Why Religious Wars are Violent.”

34. Swyngedouw, “Religion in Contemporary Japanese Society,” 49–72.

35. Stark, One True God; idem, For the Glory of God; Moore Jr., Moral Purity and Persecution in History.

36. Shakabpa, Tibet, 52f. See also Norbu and Turnbull, Tibet.

37. Said, Orientalism.

38. Woodberry, “The Economic Consequences of Pentecostal Belief,” 29–35.

39. Potz and Wieshaider, Islam and the European Union; Hunter, Islam, Europe's Second Religion; Savage, “Europe and Islam,” 25–50; Fekete, “Anti-Muslim Racism and the European Security State,” 3–29.

40. Huntington, Who Are We?

41. Hughes and Sasse, Ethnicity and Territory in the Former Soviet Union. Lynch, Engaging Eurasia's Separatist States.

42. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order.

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Christopher Marsh

Christopher Marsh, J.M. Dawson Institute of Church–State Studies, Baylor University, USA. Email: [email protected]