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Notes
* The author wishes to thank the EU and the British Academy for providing the financial support that made the research for this article possible.
1. Green, Education, Globalization and the Nation State, 134.
2. Linz and Stepan, Problems of democratic Transition and Consolidation.
3. Council of Europe, Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights, 7.
4. Mitter, “A Decade of Transformation.”
5. Stier, “Taking a Critical Stance toward Globalization Ideologies in Higher Education.”
6. Daun, “Globalization and National Education Systems.”
7. Green, Education, Globalization and the Nation State, 154.
8. Linz and Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation; Epstein, “Filtering Democratization through Schools.”
9. Laponce, “Minority Languages and Globalization.”
10. Vickers, “Introduction.”
11. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780; Schoepflin, Nations, Identity, Power.
12. Safran, “Introduction.”
13. Eriksen et al., “Governments and the Education of Non-dominant Ethnic Groups in Comparative Perspective.”
14. Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed.
15. Arel, “Language and the Politics of Ethnicity.”
16. Stepanenko, The Construction of Identity and School Policy in Ukraine.
17. Arel, “Language Politics in Independent Ukraine,” 599.
18. Ibid.
19. For more on this measure, see Ministry of Education, Informatsiinyi zbirnyk, no. 19.
20. Ministry of Education, Informatsiinyi zbirnyk, no. 10; see also .
21. Ministry of Justice, Constitution of Ukraine.
22. Parliament of Ukraine, Vidomosti, no. 30.
23. Kuzio, “Parliament to Mull Ratification of Minority-Language Charter.”
24. Council of Europe, < http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/148.htm >
25. Ministry of Education, Ukrains'ka Literatura.
26. Masliak and Shyshchenko, Heohrafiia Ukrainy, 165.
27. Popson, “The Ukrainian History Textbook.”
28. Osvita Ukrainy, no. 60–61.
29. Interview with T. E. Yakovleva, head of the Department of Programs and Methods of the Ministry of Education of the Crimean Autonomous Republic. Simferopol, September 2004.
30. Janmaat, “Identity Construction and Education.”
31. Stepanenko, The Construction of Identity and School Policy in Ukraine.
32. Quoted in ibid., 99.
33. Ministry of Education, The Development of Education in Ukraine in 1992–1993, 71.
34. Ministry of Education, Statystychnyi zbirnyk seredni navchal'ni zaklady systemy Minosvity Ukrainy (1996–1997rr.).
35. Parliament of Ukraine, Vidomosti Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy, no. 21.
36. For a list of these subjects, see Ministry of Education, Informatsiinyi zbirnyk, no. 6.
37. Verbytska, “School History Education for the Development of Democracy in Ukraine,” 67.
38. Article 28 of language law; see Arel, “Language Politics in Independent Ukraine.”
39. Ministry of Education, Informatsiinyi zbirnyk Ministerstva osvity Ukrainy, no. 19, 7.
40. Ibid.
41. Ministry of Education, Informatsiinyi zbirnyk, no. 19.
42. Kovaleva, “Progress and Issues of Reforming Social Science Curricula in Ukraine.”
43. See article 46 of the 1996 Education Act (Parliament of Ukraine, Vidomosti Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy, no. 21).
44. Interview with L. S. Dunaevskii, head of the Social-Humanitarian Department of the Crimean branch of the European University of Finance, Information Systems and Business. Simferopol, 22 September 2004.
45. Interview with K. M. Levkivs'kyi, director of the Scientific-Metholodogical Department of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine. Kyiv, 15 September 2004.
46. NSPU Literaturna Ukraina, 4 July 2002.
47. Rarog, “Ukrainian Universities and the European Choice of Ukraine.”
48. Ibid.
49. Parliament of Ukraine, Vidomosti, no. 20.
50. The Bologna process seeks to establish a European Higher Education Area in which the participating institutions issue comparable degrees, recognize each other's diplomas and operate a system of accumulation and transfer of credits with the aim of increasing student and staff mobility.
51. Osvita Ukrainy, no. 57–58, 2.
52. EU/Ukraine Action Plan, 26.
53. Ibid., 1.
54. Ministry of Education, < http://education.gov.ua/pls/edu/educ.hei.eng >. The figure of 7.5% was calculated from data on student numbers on the ministry's website.
55. Kovaleva, “Progress and Issues of Reforming Social Science Curricula in Ukraine.”
56. Kolstoe, Political Construction Sites, 188, 189.
57. See, for example, Kuzio, “Neither East nor West.”
58. See, for example, Kuzio, “Russian Policy towards Ukraine during Elections.”