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Notes
*Funding for this work was provided by the UK Economic and Social Research Council, the University of Birmingham, UK, and by the European Commission.
1. Konstantinov et al., “Names of the Bulgarian Pomaks,” 87.
2. Rechel, “Minority Rights in Post-Communist Bulgaria.”
3. Idem, “State Control of Minorities in Bulgaria.”
4. Constitutional Court, Reshenie No. 1 ot 29 fevruari 2000 g. po konstitutsionno delo No. 3 ot 1999 g., State Gazette no. 18 of 7 March 2000.
5. Rechel, “State Control of Minorities in Bulgaria.”
6. State Gazette, Konstitutsiia na Republika Bŭlgariia, Adopted on 12 July 1991, State Gazette no. 56 of 13 July 1991.
7. Ibid.
8. Eminov, “The Turks in Bulgaria,” 36.
9. CERD, Concluding Observations/Comments on the Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh Periodic Reports of Bulgaria, A/46/18, art. 259-278; CERD, Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination; HRC, Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee.
10. EC, 2000 Regular Report on Bulgaria's Progress towards Accession, 22; ECRI, Second Report on Bulgaria, Adopted on 18 June 1999, Published on 21 March 2000, 6.
11. Constitutional Court, Reshenie No. 1 ot 29 fevruari 2000 g. po konstitutsionno delo No. 3 ot 1999 g., State Gazette no. 18 of 7 March 2000.
12. Rechel, “Minority Rights in Bulgaria in Comparative Perspective.”
13. Mitev, “Ot sŭsedstvo kŭm sŭgrazhdanstvo,” 57; author's personal communication with Ilona Tomova, Deputy Director, Institute of Sociology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21 September 2005.
14. Tomova, “Sotsialna promiana i etnoreligiosni otnozheniia,” 207.
15. OSI, Monitoring the EU Accession Process, 80.
16. Kanev, “Changing Attitudes towards the Ethnic Minorities in Bulgaria and the Balkans, 1992–1997,” 209–10.
17. Tomova and Ianakiev, Etnicheskite Otnosheniia v Armiiata, 40.
18. Voynova, Roma Participation in the 2005 Parliamentary Elections, 12–19.
19. Konstantinov, “Ramkovata konventsiia za zashtita na natsionalnite maltsinstva i pravnoto i˘ znachenie za Bŭlgariia,” 71.
20. BHC, Human Rights in Bulgaria in 1998.
21. Kostova, “Minority Politics in Southeast Europe,” 19.
22. Ivanov, “Kak da tŭlkuvame termina ‘natsionalno maltsinstvo?,’” 55.
23. BHC, Report on the Implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities—Bulgaria, (2001) 7.
24. Ibid.
25. See, for example, “V Bŭlgariia ne e imalo i niama natsionalni maltsinstva,” Duma, 13 May 1997; “Vot na naroda. Referendum iskat trakii˘zite,” Duma, 18 February 1999; Slavei˘kov, “Etnodemografska kharakteristika na bŭlgarskoto naselenie,” 25–29.
26. “Natsionalisti shte se paliat zaradi ramkovata konventsiia,” Duma, 24 February 1999.
27. Constitutional Court, Reshenie No. 2 ot 18 fevruari 1998 g. po konstitutsionno delo No. 15 ot 1997 g., State Gazette no. 22 of 24 February 1998.
28. Panov, “Istinskata diskusiia po problemite na maltsinstvata shte zapochne sled prisŭediniavaneto ni kŭm ramkovata konventsiia,” 63.
29. Republic of Bulgaria, Trideset i osmo narodno sŭbranie, stenografski dnevnitsi, kniga 80, shesta sesiia, zasedaniia 228-230 i 39 izvŭnredno, ot 17 do 19 fevruari 1999 g.
30. Ibid.
31. State Gazette, Zakon za ratifitsirane na Ramkovata konventsia za zashtita na natsionalnite maltsinstva, State Gazette no. 18 of 26 February 1999.
32. Republic of Bulgaria, Trideset i osmo narodno sŭbranie.
33. BHC, The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878, 94.
34. Republic of Bulgaria, Trideset i osmo narodno sŭbranie.
35. Vassilev, “Bulgaria's Ethnic Problems,” 123.
36. DPS, Dvizhenie za prava i svobodi: Programa 2001, <www.election.bg> (accessed 28 October 2003).
37. “Ire over Award for Dogan.”
38. Republic of Bulgaria, Report Submitted by Bulgaria Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, 9 April 2003, 7.
39. PACE, 2003 Ordinary Session (Second part), Report, Fifteenth Sitting, Thursday 3 April 2003 at 3 p.m.
40. Republic of Bulgaria, Report Submitted by Bulgaria, 3.
41. “Komentari & analizi.”
42. Zhelyazkova, “The Bulgarian Ethnic Model.”
43. Ibid.
44. Mitev, “Ot sŭsedstvo kŭm sŭgrazhdanstvo,” 53–67.
45. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, “Bulgarian Romany Leaders Criticize Lack of Acceptance.”
46. Interview with Krasimir Kŭnev, Chairperson, Bulgarian Helsinki Committee, Sofia, 5 April 2004.
47. Republic of Bulgaria, Report Submitted by Bulgaria, 47.
48. Grekova et al., Sviat i lichnost za dvanai˘seti klas.
49. Penin et al., Uchebnik po geografiia i ikonomika.
50. Rechel, “The ‘Bulgarian Ethnic Model.’”
51. ECRI, Second Report on Bulgaria, Adopted on 18 June 1999, Published on 21 March 2000, 11–12.
52. Goldston, “Roma Rights Then and Now.”
53. ERRC, Profession, 18; OSI, Monitoring the EU Accession Process, 89.
54. Petrova, “The Denial of Racism.”
55. OSI, Current Attitudes Toward the Roma in Central Europe.
56. ECRI, Third Report on Bulgaria, Adopted on 27 June 2003, Published on 27 January 2004, 34.
57. Ibid., 34, emphasis in the original.
58. CERD, Eleventh Periodic Reports of States Parties due in 1990, Addendum, Bulgaria, submitted on 4 March 1991, CERD/C/197/Add. 4, 26 April 1991, CERD 40th session, para. 1.
59. CERD, “Summary Record of the 918th Meeting, 7 August 1991, CERD/C/SR.918,” para. 16.
60. ECRI, Third Report on Bulgaria, 34.
61. Ibid., 35.
62. Interviews with author.
63. Petrova, “The Denial of Racism”; idem, “The Roma,” 132–35.
64. BHC, Alternative Report to the Report Submitted by Bulgaria to Article 25, Paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
65. ECRI, Third Report on Bulgaria, 35, emphasis in the original.
66. CRC, Summary Record of the 347th Meeting: Bulgaria. 04/03/97, CRC/C/SR.347. (Summary Record), para. 24.
67. MoLSP, Informatsiia za normativnata uredba, programite i merkite za romskoto naselenie v Bŭlgariia.
68. CESCR, Summary Record of the 30th Meeting, para. 49.
69. Republic of Bulgaria, Report Submitted by Bulgaria, 3.
70. NCEDI, Maltsinstvata v Bŭlgariia.
71. Ibid., 16–24.
72. Ibid., 26.
73. Ibid., 26–27.
74. Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular, 248; Smith, Nationalism and Modernism, 126.
75. State Gazette, Konstitutsiia, art. 25.2.
76. Zakon za bŭlgarite, zhiveeshti izvŭn Bŭlgariia, State Gazette no. 30 of 11 April 2000, art. 2.