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Notes
*Research for this article has in part been made possible thanks to a generous veni grant from the NWO, the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research. The author would like to thank Erik van Ree and Jan C. Behrends for their comments on the draft. This article and most of the articles in this issue were first presented at two conferences: the 13th Annual World Convention of the Association for the Study of Nationalities in New York, 12–14 April 2008, and the Workshop on Nationalism and Communism, held at the University of Amsterdam, 25–26 April 2008.
Herf, The Jewish Enemy, 42.
Khoo, “Nationalism versus Internationalism.”
R. Cornwell, “Communism's Popular Face in Azerbaijan; Rupert Cornwell in Baku Meets Ayaz Mutalibov, the Azeri Leader, Set to Lead the Party to Victory in Sunday's Elections,” The Independent, 29 September 1990.
Djilas, “Profile of Slobodan Milosevic.”
“Milosevic's Yugoslavia”, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/europe/2000/milosevic_yugoslavia/communism.stm> (accessed 11 November 2008).
Stanciu, “Europeaness versus National-Communism.”
Tismaneanu, Stalinism for all Seasons, 23.
Johansson, “Nationalism versus Anti-nationalism.”
Leoussi, “Introduction,” xii.
Kovrig, “Partitioned Nation,” 43.
Johansson, “Nationalism versus Anti-nationalism.”
Földes, Magyarország, Románia, és a nemzeti kérdés; Fülöp and Vincze, Vasfüggöny Keleten; Miklóssy, Manoeuvres of National Interest.
Kahn, How to Write a Winning Term Paper, Chap. 10.
Bloom, World of Nations; Herod, Nation in the History of Marxian Thought; Nimni, Marxism and Nationalism.
Carrère d'Encausse, Great Challenge; Pipes, Formation of the Soviet Union.
Conquest, Nation Killers.
King, Minorities under Communism.
Lendvai, Eagles in Cobwebs; Seton-Watson, Nationalism and Communism.
Bromke, “Nationalism and Communism”; Váli, Rift and Revolt; Zinner, National Communism and Popular Revolt.
Seton-Watson, Nations and States, 148.
Barghoorn, Soviet Russian Nationalism.
See, for instance, Evans, Soviet Marxism-Leninism, 40; Zemtsov, Encyclopedia of Soviet Life, 226.
Breuilly, Nationalism and the State; Gellner, Nations and Nationalism; Hroch, Social Preconditions of National Revival; Smith, Ethnic Origins of Nations.
Anderson, Imagined Communities.
Hobsbawm, “Some Reflections.”
Ibid.
Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism, 148.
Trond, Nationalism and Communism in Romania.
Verdery, National Ideology under Socialism.
Meuschel, Legitimation und Parteiherrschaft.
Ree, “Nationalist Elements.”
Idem, “Stalin and the National Question.”
Idem, Political Thought of Joseph Stalin.
Idem, “Concept of ‘National Bolshevism.’”
Brandenberger, National Bolshevism.
Martin, Affirmative Action Empire.
Martin and Grigor, State of Nations.
Edgar, Tribal Nation.
Kamp, New Women in Uzbekistan.
Baberowski, Der Feind ist überall.
King, “Ethnicity and Institutional Reform.”
Yekelchyk, “The Leader, the Victory and the Nation.”
Jenks, “From Periphery to Center.”
Kemp, Nationalism and Communism.
Abrams, Struggle for the Soul of a Nation.
Klimó, “Die gespaltene Vergangenheit.”
Spilker, East German Leadership.
Sygkelos, “Nationalism from the Left.”
Mevius, Agents of Moscow.
Miklóssy, Manoeuvres of National Interest.
McKay, Official Concept of the Nation.
Zaremba, Komunizm, legitymizacja, nacjonalizm.
Núñez Seixas, Fuera el invasor!
Kristjansdottir, “Communists and the National Question.”
J. M. Markham, “Who Owns the Past?,” The Times, 27 April 1986.
Weber, “Weisse Flecken.”
Nimni, Marxism and Nationalism, 20.
Cummins, Marx, Engels and National Movements.
Marx, “Der magyarische Kampf.”
As by Berman, Primacy of Politics, 60.
Marx and Engels, “Manifesto of the Communist Party.” An exception is Erik van Ree, Wereldrevolutie, 33.
Lenin, National Pride.
Lenin, Right of Nations. See, for instance, Carrère d'Encausse, who studies “The Right of Nations” extensively but only mentions “National Pride of the Great Russians” in passing. Carrère d'Encausse, Great Challenge.
Notably by Georgi Dimitrov at the VII Congress of Comintern. Dimitrov, “The Fascist Offensive.”
Stalin, “Political Tasks.”
Nothnagle, “From Buchenwald to Bismarck.”
Ibid.
Hoppe, In Stalins Gefolgschaft, 182.
Brown, “Richard Scheringer.”
See Hoppe, In Stalins Gefolgschaft, 188.
Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 19–20.
Hoppe, In Stalins Gefolgschaft, 190.
Smith, Bolsheviks and the National Question, 237.
Simon, Nationalismus und Nationalitätenpolitik, 106.
Jackson, Popular Front in France, 39–40.
Dimitrov, Dimitrov vs. Göbbels.
Idem, Fascist Offensive.
See various key authors: Braunthal, Geschichte der Internationale; Carr, Twilight of the Comintern, 406–07; Jackson, Popular Front in France, 41; Kowalski, European Communism; McDermott and Agnew, Comintern, 131; Rees and Thorpe, International Communism.
Mevius, Agents of Moscow, 27–29.
Nothnagle, Building the East German Myth, 177.
See the contribution by Xosé-Manoel Núñez and José M. Faraldo in this issue.
Frieser, Krieg hinter Stacheldraht.
Roberts, Stalin's Wars, 32.
Lovell and Windle, Unswerving Loyalty.
For an overview of literature on Comintern dissolution see McDermott and Agnew, Comintern, 204–11.
Item no. 417, Kew, National Archives, FO 181/978/3.
McDermott and Agnew, Comintern, 206.
Dallin and Firsov, Dimitrov and Stalin, 253.
A. Clarke Kerr, Cypher. War Cabinet Distribution. From Moscow to Foreign Office, 24/5/1943, Kew, National Archives, FO 371/37019.
Informative item no. 452. American Press Survey. Summary of treatment of Comintern dissolution, Kew, National Archives, FO 181/978/3.
Top Secret. USSR-Political. The Comintern, Kew, National Archives, KV3/301.
Dallin and Firsov, Dimitrov and Stalin, 184.
Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 155–56.
Ibid., 163.
Ibid.
Ibid., 276.
Stalin, Dissolution of the Communist International.
Roberts, Stalin's Wars, 172.
See, for instance, Bayerlein, Der Verräter, 458–60; Roberts, Stalin's Wars, 168–74.
See, for instance, Fejtö, Histoire des démocraties populaires; Naimark and Gibianski, Establishment of Communist Regimes; Pittaway, Eastern Europe.
Budapest, Hungarian National Archives (MOL) 276/65/61, 12–127.
MOL 276/65/71, 66–69.
Laszlo Rajk und Komplicen vor dem Volksgericht. Mit einem Vorwort von Kurt Hager. Dietz, Berlin 1949.
Judt, Postwar, 190.
Miklóssy, “War of Comrades,” 83.
Mevius, Agents of Moscow, 246.
“Polish Communist History and Factional Struggle.”
Mevius, Agents of Moscow, 69–86.
See the contribution by Jan Kiepe in the present issue. Pritchard, Making of the GDR, 62; Weitz, Creating German Communism, 317.
Dimitrov, Stalin's Cold War, 36.
Cioflânca, “Preliminaries for the History of the Romanian Communist Youth Union.”
Meuschel, Legitimation und Parteiherrschaft.
Brubaker, Nationalist Politics, 56.
See, for example, the adoption of völkisch nationalism by Polish communists in Jan C. Behrends’ contribution to this issue.
Medin, “Ideologia y conciencia.”
Zhao, Nation-State by Construction.
Kang, “Historical Changes.”
Search performed on 10 January 2008.
Search performed on 10 January 2008.
Deme, “Perceptions and Problems.”
Schopflin, Foreword.
Parsons, “Joke that Dances.”