ABSTRACT
We say that a class 𝒫 of right modules over a fixed ring R is an epic class if it is closed under homomorphic images. For an arbitrary epic class 𝒫, we define a 𝒫-dimension of modules that measures how far modules are from the modules in the class 𝒫. For an epic class 𝒫 consisting of indecomposable modules, first we characterize rings whose modules have 𝒫-dimension. In fact, we show that every right R-module has 𝒫-dimension if and only if R is a semisimple Artinan ring. Then we study fully Hopfian modules with 𝒫-dimension. In particular, we show that a commutative ring R with 𝒫-dimension (resp. finite 𝒫-dimension) is either local or Noetherian (resp. Artinian). Finally, we show that Matm(R) is a right Köthe ring for some m if and only if every (left) right module is a direct sum of modules of 𝒫-dimension at most n for some n, if and only if R is a pure semisimple ring.
2010 MATHEMATICS SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION:
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the associate editor, Professor Alberto Facchini, and the anonymous referee for their careful reading and comments, which helped to significantly improve the paper.