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Essay

“A Difficult Period of Testing and Transition”: The Press Framing of the 1964 Civil Rights Act in Four Mississippi Newspapers

Published online: 04 Jun 2024
 

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1. “Civil Rights Bill Becomes Law,” Delta Democrat-Times (Greenville), July 3, 1964, https://www.newspapers.com/image/33948769/?terms=civil%20rights%20act%20.

2. See John Dittmer, Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 67.

3. For a full explanation of Greene’s political philosophies, see Caryl A. Cooper, “Percy Greene and the Jackson Advocate,” in The Press and Race: Mississippi Journalists Confront the Movement, ed. David R. Davies (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001), 55–83.

4. Jerry Mitchell, Race Against Time: A Reporter Reopens the Unsolved Murder Cases of the Civil Rights Era (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2020), 76.

5. James W. Sliver, Mississippi: The Closed Society (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2012).

6. “Johnson Urges New Rights Bill as Fitting Kennedy Memorial,” Delta Democrat-Times, November 27, 1963, https://www.newspapers.com/image/185467728/?terms=%20civil%20rights%20bill%20JFK&match=1.

7. Lyle Wilson, “LBJ Firmly Committed to Strong Rights Bill,” The Delta Democrat Times, January 10, 1964, https://www.newspapers.com/image/33942749/?terms=LBJ%20Firmly%20Committed%20To%20Strong%20Rights%20Bill&match=1.

8. “Civil Rights: In the Nation … ” Delta Democrat-Times, June 20, 1963, https://www.newspapers.com/image/21223709/?terms=grave%20questions%20&match=1.

9. “Civil Rights don’t Equal Civil Liberty,” Delta Democrat-Times, February 18, 1964, https://www.newspapers.com/image/33944965/?terms=perform%20a%20national%20service&match=1.

10. “JFK Seeks Vast Power,” Clarion-Ledger, June 20, 1963, https://www.newspapers.com/image/185688416/?terms=JFK%20Seeks%20Vast%20Power&match=1; and “Civil Rights Act Would Give JFK ‘Dictator’ Power,” The Clarion-Ledger, September 15, 1963, https://www.newspapers.com/image/185675889/?terms=Civil%20Rights%20Act%20Would%20Give%20JFK%20%27Dictator%27%20Power&match=1.

11. “CR Scheme would Let President Excommunicate Sovereign States,” Clarion-Ledger, August 31, 1963, https://www.newspapers.com/image/185277621/?terms=CR%20Scheme%20Would%20Let%20President%20Excommunicate%20Sovereign%20States&match=1.

13. “Rev. Martin Luther King Ignores President’s Call to Stop Demonstrations While Congress Considers Civil Rights Legislation,” Jackson Advocate, June 29, 1963, https://www.newspapers.com/image/835017076/.

14. “More Racial Demonstrations Predicated by Atty. General: Says Congress Must Pass Civil Rights Laws or Face Trouble,” Jackson Advocate, September 7, 1963, https://www.newspapers.com/image/835017812/?terms=civil%20rights%20bill&match=1.

15. “Freedom Carries Responsibility,” Jackson Advocate, August 17, 1963, https://www.newspapers.com/image/835017622/.

16. “Roy Wilkins Makes a Threat,” Jackson Advocate, July 6, 1963, https://www.newspapers.com/image/835017169/?terms=civil%20rights%20bill.

17. Kathleen L. Endres, “‘Help-Wanted Female:’ Editor & Publisher Frames a Civil Rights Issue,” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Spring 2004): 8.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Pete Smith

Pete Smith is an associate professor and coordinator of the communication and media studies concentration in the Department of Communication at Mississippi State University. He is the author of Birddogs and Tough Old Broads: Women Journalists of Mississippi and a Century of State Politics, 1880s–1980s, published as part of Lexington Books’ Women in American Political History series. He is writing a biography of broadcasting industry labor activist and blacklisted actor Philip Loeb for the University Press of Mississippi.

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