The Black Arts Movement and the House of Ideas

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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Notes

1. Kenneth Laster, “1979 in Black Comics History: Amazing Spider-Man #194 and Keith Pollard,” Shelf Dust, March 24, 2021, https://shelfdust.com/2021/03/24/1979-in-black-comics-history-amazing-spider-man-194-by-keith-pollard/.

2. Ron Goulart, Comic Book Culture: An Illustrated History (Portland, OR: Collectors Press, 2000), 6.

3. Menaka Philips, “Violence in the American Imaginary: Gender, Race, and the Politics of Superheroes,” American Political Science Review 116, no. 2 (2022): 470, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000952.

4. W. L. Van DeBurg, New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture, 1965–1975 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), 228.

5. Keith Pollard interview with the authors, March 2016.

6. Pollard interview.

7. Pollard interview.

8. Pollard interview.

9. Pollard interview.

10. Pollard interview.

11. “What’s Amazing Fantasy #15 worth in 2024?” Quality Comics, Quality Comix LLC, February 15, 2024, https://www.qualitycomix.com/comic-price-guide/amazing-fantasy/issue-15.

12. VanWoert Entertainment, “Arvell Jones Biography,” IMBd, February 15, 2024, https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2903659/bio/?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm.

13. Pollard interview.

14. Marvel, “Remembering John Romita Sr., 1930–2023,” Marvel.com, Marvel, June 15, 2023, https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/remembering-john-romita-sr-1930–2023.

15. Pollard interview.

16. Pollard interview.

17. “The Comic Art of Billy Graham,” The Museum of UnCut Funk, February 15, 2024, https://museumofuncutfunk.com/2012/04/12/the-comic-art-of-billy-graham/.

18. Pollard interview.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

William Schulte

William Schulte is an associate professor of mass communication at Winthrop University. He received his doctorate in journalism from Ohio University and his master’s and bachelor’s in journalism from Ball State. Schulte teaches courses in media writing, advanced reporting techniques, ethics, and multimedia. His research interests involve the paradigm shift between print and digital platforms in the newsroom, and the effects these transitions have on news workers. He also explores social constructionist theory and its relationship to various mediums.

Nathaniel Frederick

Nathaniel Frederick II serves as department chair and professor of mass communication at Winthrop University. He received his doctorate in mass communication and master’s in media studies from Pennsylvania State University and bachelor’s in mass communication from Claflin University. His teaching areas include media history, media law, media entrepreneurship, media literacy, and representations of minorities in media. His research focuses on the intersection of media, cultural production, and social protest in the twentieth century.