Bias reduction for the ratio of means

Abstract

Confidence intervals of third-order accuracy are given for the ratio of the means of two normal distributions. A simulation study is conducted to compare these intervals with ones known. A comparison is also made with non-parametric alternatives.

Keywords:

• confidence intervals
• normal
• ratio estimates
• ratio of means

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the editor, the associate editor, and the referee for careful reading and for their comments which greatly improved the paper.