ESD Pedagogy: A Guide for the Perplexed

Abstract

This article addresses issues regarding implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) within formal education systems. In particular, it seeks to identify the basic essential components of ESD pedagogy. The authors present a theoretical pedagogical framework based on accumulated theory and experience in the field. The framework aspires to encompass the majority of prevailing pedagogies within a simple set of four basic principles. It will be argued that the four principal pedagogies are basic and indispensable prerequisites for achieving the goals of ESD, and the lack of one is sufficient to undermine the ESD's pedagogical construct.

Keywords:

• Education for sustainable development (ESD)
• environmental education (EE)
• environmental literacy
• pedagogy
• responsible environmental behavior (REB)
• sustainability literacy

Notes

¹The article does not provide any evidence—neither positive, nor negative.

²Unlike the above term “no evidence”, “negative evidence” indicates that the article provided evidences that a learning pedagogy did not occur.