A review on the biomedical efficacy of transition metal triazole compounds

Abstract

From the apocalyptic era of antibiotic resistance, the scientific community around the world is engaged in designing and developing metal-based compounds to inhibit and control continuously rising microbial infections. Metal based triazole-derived compounds are being explored for antimicrobial actions and potentially applicable to provide effective and nontoxic drug candidates having preferred and improved pharmacological activity. Updating the existing literature supporting such details, this review combines the chemistry, synthetic aspects of formation of triazole Schiff bases, mechanism of bioactivity of metal complexes accompanied by the assessment of the biological efficacy including antibacterial, antifungal, enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity. This review covers bioactive symmetrical and assymmetrical mono and bis-Schiff bases synthesized from condensation involving the amine group of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole with the carbonyl group of several aromatic aldehydes and ketones along with their transition metal complexes which were characterized by physical, spectral and chemical properties. In most of the studies highlighting the biomedical assessment of imine functionalized compounds, metal complexes showed outstanding results in comparison to free ligands.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Antibiotic resistance
• Triazole metal complexes
• Antimicrobial
• Enzyme inhibition
• Antioxidant activity

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The authors acknowledge Higher Education Commission (HEC) for awarding research grant NRPU-7800 under National Research Program for Universities (NRPU). The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through research groups program under grant number R.G.P.2/40/43.